Abstract
Purpose :
To analyze and compare foveal avascular zone (FAZ), obtained by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A), and SD-OCT metrics in children with and without retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) undergoing different treatment modalities.
Methods :
Prospective case series. Subjects were classified into 5 groups: Premature with history of ROP treated with laser (Group 1), premature with history of ROP treated with bevacizumab (Group 2), Premature with history of ROP with no treatment (Group 3), Premature without ROP (Group 4) and born a term (Group 5). Patients over 3 years old with continuous ophthalmological follow-up were included. Imaging with SD-OCT (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA) included: Macular cube, HD 5 line, EDI, 3x3, 6x6, and 8x8 angiography whenever possible. Manual FAZ measurements were performed by two different operators using OCT-A (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA).
Results :
Eighty-eight eyes were included in the study: Group 1 (26 eyes), Group 2 (14 eyes) Group 3 (4 eyes) Group 4 (26 eyes) Group 5 (18 eyes). The age range was 3-13 years old. FAZ was present in group 3 (100%), group 5 (100%) and group 4 (85%) whereas 42,3% in group 1 and 50% in group 2 the FAZ was not visible. Mean FAZ area was: Group 1 (0.17±0.10mm2), Group 2 (0.21±0.21 mm2) Group 3 (0.19±0.03 mm2) Group 4 (0.22±0.14 mm2) Group 5 (0.31±0.06 mm2). Measurements of central macular thickness (CMT), choroidal thickness (CT) and ganglion cell thickness (GCT) in all groups were: : Group 1 (273±50 μm ; 341±69 μm ; 83±19 μm), Group 2 (273±25 μm ; 333±80 μm ; 73±12 μm) Group 3 (259±18 μm ; 402 ±35 μm ; 87±1 μm) Group 4 (253±25 μm ; 393±66 μm ; 84±9 μm) Group 5 (241±12 μm ;356± 22μm ; 87±5 μm). There was only statistically significant difference in CMT between group 1 and group 5 (p=0.0001 U-Mann Whitney test). GCT was similar between group 1 and 2 (p=0.686).
Conclusions :
SD-OCT and OCT-A imaging modalities have increased popularity in pediatric retina pathologies the past years. In almost 50% of all ROP treated patients the FAZ was absent. There was no significant difference in GCT between ROP patients treated with laser or bevacizumab but CMT was thicker in laser treated ROP eyes in comparison to non-premature children. This study shows SD-OCT and OCT-A is feasible in young cooperative children and adds anatomical information about retinal developmental differences in each group.
This abstract was presented at the 2019 ARVO Annual Meeting, held in Vancouver, Canada, April 28 - May 2, 2019.