Abstract
Purpose :
Ocular vascular and perivascular tumors are rare and have similar characteristics, making their diagnosis challenging. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the epidemiological and histopathological characteristics of ocular vascular and perivascular tumors.
Methods :
A total of 86 cases of ocular vascular and perivascular tumors were identified from 6828 lesions diagnosed at the MUHC-McGill Ocular Pathology & Translational Research Laboratory (2006-2018). Clinical, epidemiological and pathological data was evaluated regarding location, age, gender and histopathological findings.
Results :
Of the 86 cases, 81 (94.84%) were vascular and 5 (5.81%) were perivascular tumors. A total of 47 (54.65%) patients were women and 39 (45.35%) were men. The benign lesions were the most frequent, 85 cases (98.84%). Cavernous hemangioma of the orbit represented 25 cases (29.07%), followed by vascular hamartoma, 19 cases (22.09%) and capillary hemangioma, 16 cases (18.60%), both located in the eyelids. Rare diagnoses include 4 cases (4.65%) of lymphangioma and vascular malformation, 3 cases (3.49%) of Masson’s tumor and 2 cases (2.33%) of fibrovascular tumor and single cases of hemangioendothelioma, epithelioid hemangioma and papillary hemangioma. The only malignant tumor was Kaposi's sarcoma. Perivascular tumors include 4 cases of hemangiopericytoma and one case of Glomus tumor. Regarding age of onset, 2 cases were from patients up to 26 years of age, 16 cases (18.60%) from 26 to 40, 45 cases (52.33%) from 40 to 65, 17 cases (19.77%) from 65 to 80 and 6 cases (6.98%) older than 80 years old. The most common location was eyelid (39 cases, 45.35%), orbit (27 cases, 31.40%) and conjunctiva (13 cases, 15.12%). Of the 86 cases evaluated, 35 (40.69%) were misdiagnosed as a non-vascular lesion.
Conclusions :
The vast majority of ocular vascular tumors occur in the eyelid and orbit. The age of patients affected is between the fourth and sixth decade of life. The most common vascular tumors are vascular hamartoma of the eyelid and orbital cavernous hemangioma. Malignant vascular tumors, such as Kaposi’s Sarcoma or tumors of undetermined nature, such as hemangioendothelioma, should be considered in the differential diagnosis. Clinically, these cases may represent a challenge, therefore clinicopathological correlation is essential to determine treatment and prognosis.
This abstract was presented at the 2019 ARVO Annual Meeting, held in Vancouver, Canada, April 28 - May 2, 2019.