Abstract
Purpose :
Microspherophakia is a rare congenital anomaly of the lens morphology, whose prevalence and features in Mexican population are not known. Our purpose was to describe the incidence of microspherophakia and its clinical features in a series of Mexican patients through a period of eleven years.
Methods :
Retrospective, descriptive study that included 31 eyes of 16 patients with microspherophakia who presented to the Instituto de Oftalmología Conde de Valenciana in Mexico City from June, 2007 to June, 2018. Data collection was gathered from the electronic medical record of each patient.
Statistic analysis was performed using Microsoft® Excel 2017 PivotTables.
Results :
The general average age at the time of admission was 21 years. 43.75% were female and 56.25% were male. The average Under-corrected Distance Visual Acuity (UDVA) and Corrected Distance Visual Acuity (CDVA) at the admission was 1.44 and 0.87 logMAR, respectively; and UDVA 1.27 logMAR and CDVA 0.71 logMAR at the last follow-up. A myopic refraction was found in 61.29% of the eyes with an average sphere of -8 diopters. Average axial length was 24.74 mm.
16.13% of the eyes presented with subluxation of the lens. 38.70% of the total of eyes had surgical treatment of the lens: 91.66% underwent phacoemulsification surgery with intraocular lens implantation and 3.23% was treated with lensectomy surgery.
Glaucoma was found in 48.39% of the total of eyes; 40% were of open angle and 60% of closed angle. 5 eyes required YAG laser iridotomy.
Average number of hypotensive drugs used at the admission was 0.46. At the last follow-up, it was 1.6 drugs. The average intraocular pressure at admission was 17.74 mmHg, and 15.56 mmHg at the last follow-up.
Genetic association was found in 50% of the patients, being Weill-Marchesani Syndrome the most frequently, followed by Alport Syndrome, and Axenfeld Rieger Syndrome and Wolfram Syndrome.
Conclusions :
Microspherophakia continues to be a rare condition with a common relation with glaucoma and angle-closure due to the own morphology of the lens. Subluxation and lenticular myopia are frequent clinical findings as well. It may be found isolated or as part of a systemic syndrome; a complete ophthalmologic and physical examination and genetic advice is recommended and necessary in each case to make an early diagnosis and thus a timely treatment to avoid complications.
This abstract was presented at the 2019 ARVO Annual Meeting, held in Vancouver, Canada, April 28 - May 2, 2019.