Abstract
Purpose :
Ocular trauma is a leading cause of visual disability and depending on the age of onset, site and severity can contribute up to 65% of the cases of unilateral blindness worldwide. Ocular trauma is the leading cause of visual loss in young adults, especially those involving retinal detachment (RD). The purpose of this work is report the frequency of retinal detachment related to ocular trauma in adults.
Methods :
The present investigation is a retrospective analysis of clinical records between June 2016 and June 2018 patients of retinal detachment related to ocular trauma. The electronic files of these patients were statistically analyzed. Data were collected: age, affected eye, visual acuity at initial evaluation, open and close globe eye trauma, macula ON and macular OFF detachment. We excluded children and open and close ocular trauma with no evidence of RD.
Results :
There were 103 subjects with diagnosis of ocular trauma, just 27 eyes had retinal detachment (RD) (26.21%). All subjects were men. 16 eyes (59.25%) were right and 7 eyes (25.92%) were left. 20 eyes (72.07%) were closed globe injury and the rest were open globe injuries 7 (25.92%). 23 eyes (85.18%) had macular OFF retinal detachment and only 4 (14.81%) had macular ON retinal detachment. The majority of subjects had poor visual acuity (>20/200) 24 eyes (88.88%) and 4 of them with no light perception (14.81%).
Conclusions :
Severe closed and open globe injury involving the posterior segment may lead to permanent visual impairment and blindness through its effect on lens, vitreous, and/or retina. Despite the poor visual prognosis and social importance of this type of injury, published studies of traumatic RD in adults are limited in number. In our work, the Incidence of traumatic RD is more frequent in men with higher incidence of closed globe injury, similar than other reports about this pathology. Despite different types of trauma and variable time to RD onset, as other reports of RD secondary to open or closed globe injuries have similarities with higher incidence of macular involvement and worst prognosis. In conclusion, RD secondary to open and closed globe injuries lead to important permanent visual impairment in adults. Most of them are related with macular OFF retinal detachment and bad prognosis.
This abstract was presented at the 2019 ARVO Annual Meeting, held in Vancouver, Canada, April 28 - May 2, 2019.