July 2019
Volume 60, Issue 9
Open Access
ARVO Annual Meeting Abstract  |   July 2019
Signal Detection Theory (SDT)-based latent variable analysis of ultra-low vision measures with mixed chance levels
Author Affiliations & Notes
  • Gislin Dagnelie
    Ophthal-Lions Vision Cntr, Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
  • Duane Geruschat
    Ophthal-Lions Vision Cntr, Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
  • Robert W Massof
    Ophthal-Lions Vision Cntr, Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
  • Chris Bradley
    Ophthal-Lions Vision Cntr, Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
  • Footnotes
    Commercial Relationships   Gislin Dagnelie, None; Duane Geruschat, None; Robert Massof, None; Chris Bradley, None
  • Footnotes
    Support  NIH grant R01 EY028452
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science July 2019, Vol.60, 3910. doi:
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      Gislin Dagnelie, Duane Geruschat, Robert W Massof, Chris Bradley; Signal Detection Theory (SDT)-based latent variable analysis of ultra-low vision measures with mixed chance levels. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2019;60(9):3910.

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      © ARVO (1962-2015); The Authors (2016-present)

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Abstract

Purpose : When psychophysical measures are obtained from stimuli with a latent variable such as item difficulty, conjoint methods such as Rasch analysis are required to estimate both person and item measures. Previously (Adeyemo, ARVO #4688, 2017) we applied this approach to data from individuals with ultra-low vision (ULV) performing real-world activities with 2-, 3-, or 4-alternative force choice (AFC) judgments. However, since Rasch analysis ignores correct performance by chance, item measures from mixed m-AFC instruments should be questioned. A different approach, based on SDT and yielding person and item measures in d' units, has recently been introduced. Here we compare the two approaches.

Methods : : Performance data from 17 activities, at 3 difficulty levels, each performed twice by 25 individuals with native ULV and 4 Argus II and 6 Brainport users, were submitted to both analyses. Confidence intervals (CIs) and fit statistics were obtained in Winsteps© for Rasch analysis, whereas the SDT-based analysis does not currently yield CIs for person measures with unequal probability test items.

Results : Both person (left panel) and item (right panel) measures show excellent (r2>0.995) correlation between the two methods. However, under SDT-based item measures for 2-, 3-, and 4-AFC activities are shifted relative to Rasch item measures, as would be expected: In Rasch analysis 2-AFC activities are fitted as relatively easier, and 4-AFC activities as harder, than 3-AFC activities due to different chance correct rates, whereas SDT-based items measures are estimated correctly. This explains the 3 parallel linear clusters. In the conversion from logit intervals (Rasch) to d' intervals (SDT), item CIs scale roughly proportionally with the item intervals.

Conclusions : Our results demonstrate that the SDT-based analytic approach can successfully handle data from mixed m-AFC instruments, and otherwise produces estimates that closely correspond to those obtained from Rasch analysis. It is thus a powerful tool for conjoint analysis of psychophysical data.

This abstract was presented at the 2019 ARVO Annual Meeting, held in Vancouver, Canada, April 28 - May 2, 2019.

 

SDT-based person (left) and item (right) measures plotted against corresponding Rasch-based measures.

SDT-based person (left) and item (right) measures plotted against corresponding Rasch-based measures.

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