July 2019
Volume 60, Issue 9
Open Access
ARVO Annual Meeting Abstract  |   July 2019
Using Oxygen Saturation as an Alternative Contrast Agent for Angiography
Author Affiliations & Notes
  • Ross Drysdale
    School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
  • Lewis E MacKenzie
    Department of Chemistry, Durham University, United Kingdom
  • Tushar R Choudhary
    School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, United Kingdom
    EPSRC IRC Hub, MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, Queens Medical Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
  • Javier Fernandez Ramos
    School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
  • Nigel B Benjamin
    Torbay and South Devon NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
  • Christian Delles
    Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
  • Andy Harvey
    School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
  • Footnotes
    Commercial Relationships   Ross Drysdale, None; Lewis MacKenzie, None; Tushar Choudhary, None; Javier Fernandez Ramos, None; Nigel Benjamin, None; Christian Delles, None; Andy Harvey, None
  • Footnotes
    Support  EPSRC Grant Number EP/L016753/1
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science July 2019, Vol.60, 6134. doi:
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      Ross Drysdale, Lewis E MacKenzie, Tushar R Choudhary, Javier Fernandez Ramos, Nigel B Benjamin, Christian Delles, Andy Harvey; Using Oxygen Saturation as an Alternative Contrast Agent for Angiography. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2019;60(9):6134.

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      © ARVO (1962-2015); The Authors (2016-present)

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Abstract

Purpose : Fluorescein angiography has been the workhorse diagnostic technique for investigating abnormalities in the retinal circulation for 50 years, however there are associated risks of nausea or even death associated with reaction to fluorescein dye. We report an alternative using a hypoxic intervention and multispectral imaging to exploit the oxygen-dependent spectral absorption of haemoglobin to instead use blood-oxygen saturation as the contrast agent.

Methods : Experimental apparatus consisted of a commercial fundus camera (Topcon 50DX) coupled to an Image Replicating Imaging Spectrometer for snapshot multispectral imaging in 8 spectral bands. Healthy subjects inhaled a hypoxic air mixture (5% O2, 95% N2), inducing a wave of deoxygenated blood, which, when reaching the retina acts as the contrast agent to enable angiography. Computer processing of the multispectral images allows the extraction of an angiographic sequence.

Results : Using the multi-spectral image sequences we generated an oximetric-contrast image sequence, which closely resembles a typical fluorescein angiogram, showing comparable features such as the characteristic sequential vessel filling (as seen in figure 1), and laminar flow in branching veins.

Conclusions : We have demonstrated the use of an acute hypoxic intervention during multispectral imaging of the retina to generate dye-free angiographic sequences for the first time. This technique has promise for clinical assessment of retinal circulation and is a unique alternative to the fluorescein angiogram that is both non-invasive and avoids the negative effects of the use of fluorescein. Furthermore, unlike fluorescein, the technique can be repeated after intervals as short as about one minute.

This abstract was presented at the 2019 ARVO Annual Meeting, held in Vancouver, Canada, April 28 - May 2, 2019.

 

An example of the angiographic sequence produced by this technique showing the progress of the deoxygenation wave at 0, 6, 11, and 16 seconds after reaching the eye. The characteristic feature of the fluorescein angiogram - the sequential filling of the vessels - can clearly be seen from image to image.

An example of the angiographic sequence produced by this technique showing the progress of the deoxygenation wave at 0, 6, 11, and 16 seconds after reaching the eye. The characteristic feature of the fluorescein angiogram - the sequential filling of the vessels - can clearly be seen from image to image.

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