Abstract
Purpose :
Evidence exists that cigarette smoking may be associated with glaucoma; however, the relationship between intraocular pressure (IOP) and smoking is unclear. In this study, relationship between smoking status and IOP in civilian, non-institutionalized participants in the Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (KNHANES) was investigated.
Methods :
Subjects from 2008-2011 KNHANES who were ≥40 years of age, who had visual fields and optic disc photographs, and had IOP measured were included. Diagnosis of glaucoma was based on the Rotterdam criteria. Subjects were divided into current smokers, past smokers, and never smoker categories. Mean IOP was compared between the three categories among those with glaucoma and without glaucoma. Multivariate linear regression modeling was used to assess the relationship between IOP and clinical and behavior characteristics.
Results :
14416 subjects in 2008-2011 KNHANES were included. 8510 subjects (59.0%) never smoked, 1733 (12.0%) were past smokers, and 4173 (29.0%) were current smokers.
A greater proportion of male Korean subjects were smokers (84.2% past smokers or current smokers) compared to female subjects (8.1%, p<0.0001).
Past smokers were statistically significantly older than never smokers and current smokers (60.0±11.3, 57.6±11.3, 56.7±11.5 years, respectively, p<0.0001).
A greater proportion of current smokers (18.1%) had glaucoma compared to never smokers (11.6%) and past smokers (9.7%, p<0.00001).
The mean IOP of all subjects was 14.0±2.7 mmHg.
Never smokers had statistically significantly lower IOP (13.9±2.7 mmHg) compared to past smokers (14.1±2.7 mmHg, p=0.005) and current smokers (14.0±2.8mmHg, p=0.031, Tukey post hoc test), while there was no statistically significant difference between past smokers and current smokers (p=0.438).
In multivariable linear regression analysis, IOP did not correlate with smoking status, but varied statistically significantly with age, gender, glaucoma, cataract, and diabetic retinopathy (DR).
Male, glaucoma, cataract and DR were associated with IOP increase of 0.058, 0.068, 0.045, and 0.025 mmHg, respectively (p<0.0001 for male, glaucoma, and cataract, p=0.030 for DR). IOP decreased by 0.087 mmHg per year of age (p<0.0001).
Conclusions :
Smoking was more prevalent among Korean males than females. IOP in Koreans was higher with diagnosis of glaucoma, cataract and DR, and lower in female and older subjects.
This is a 2021 ARVO Annual Meeting abstract.