Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science Cover Image for Volume 62, Issue 15
December 2021
Volume 62, Issue 15
Open Access
Letters to the Editor  |   December 2021
Posture-Dependent Collapse of the Optic Nerve Subarachnoid Space: A Combined MRI and Modeling Study
Author Affiliations
  • Hanspeter E. Killer
    Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel & University Basel, Basel, Switzerland
    E-mail: [email protected].
  • Jatta Berberat
    Department of Neuroradiology, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
  • Peter Wostyn
    Department of Psychiatry, PC Sint-Amandus, Beernem, Belgium
  • Achmed Pircher
    Department of Neuroscience/Ophthalmology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
  • Diego Rossinelli
    Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland.
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science December 2021, Vol.62, 16. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.62.15.16
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      Hanspeter E. Killer, Jatta Berberat, Peter Wostyn, Achmed Pircher, Diego Rossinelli; Posture-Dependent Collapse of the Optic Nerve Subarachnoid Space: A Combined MRI and Modeling Study. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2021;62(15):16. https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.62.15.16.

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      © ARVO (1962-2015); The Authors (2016-present)

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We have read with great interest the intriguing article, “Posture-Dependent Collapse of the Optic Nerve Subarachnoid Space: A Combined MRI and Modeling Study.”1 The authors describe a “collapse” of the optic nerve subarachnoid space (SAS) following a change of posture (head-down position to head-up position). Their conclusions are based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and a Poiseuille flow model, which is zero-dimensional in space. 
Although we agree that on 3-T T2-weighted MRI imaging, the SAS looks empty—except for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)—the anatomic reality shows a complex system of trabeculae and septae crossing the SAS between the arachnoid and the pia layer within the SAS that should not be neglected in a model2 (Fig. 1). The “real” SAS is therefore not empty and cannot fully collapse. There is no doubt that a reduced influx of CSF will result in a reduced total volume of the SAS. We therefore strongly suspect that the images presented in the article lack the sufficient resolution to correctly resolve these features. Arguably, the best terminology for such a setting in which CSF falls below an MRI-detectable threshold would be a compartmentalized optic nerve sheath. In its wake, CSF dynamics and CSF content are dramatically altered, thus probably influencing the integrity of optic nerve function. 
Figure 1.
 
Micro–computed tomography images in a human demonstrated trabeculae and septae in the subarachnoid “empty” space.
Figure 1.
 
Micro–computed tomography images in a human demonstrated trabeculae and septae in the subarachnoid “empty” space.
If we follow this line of thought a bit further, it becomes questionable whether a “collapsed” SAS can be applied to the concept of the translaminar pressure difference (TLPD), as the definition of the TLPD is defined as the difference between intraocular pressure and cerebrospinal fluid pressure. The difference between two fluids! In a collapsed SAS, there is no CSF. What area is involved in such a setting? Since pressure represents a force per unit area (P = F/A), we are wondering which area is involved in such a setting. What is the area of a collapsed SAS? We do not think that the formula for the TLPD can be applied meaningfully in such a situation. 
In conclusion, we suspect that the flow modeling is oversimplistic since the optic nerve SAS is represented as a uniform flow in an empty space that does not represent the reality. 
References
Holmlund P, Støverud KH, Wåhlin A, Wiklund U, Malm J, Jóhannesson G, Eklund A. Posture-dependent collapse of the optic nerve subarachnoid space: a combined MRI and modeling study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2021; 62(4): 26. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Killer HE, Laeng HR, Flammer J, Groscurth P. Architecture of arachnoid trabeculae, pillars, and septa in the subarachnoid space of the human optic nerve: anatomy and clinical considerations. Br J Ophthalmol. 2003; 87(6): 777–781. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Figure 1.
 
Micro–computed tomography images in a human demonstrated trabeculae and septae in the subarachnoid “empty” space.
Figure 1.
 
Micro–computed tomography images in a human demonstrated trabeculae and septae in the subarachnoid “empty” space.
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