June 2022
Volume 63, Issue 7
Open Access
ARVO Annual Meeting Abstract  |   June 2022
Novel Point-of-Care Biomarkers of the Dry Anophthalmic Socket Syndrome: Tear Film Osmolarity and Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 Immunoassay
Author Affiliations & Notes
  • Alexander Christopher Rokohl
    Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
  • Katharina Wall
    Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
  • Marc Trester
    Trester-Institute for Ocular Prosthetics and Artificial Eyes, Cologne, Germany
  • Philomena A. Wawer Matos
    Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
  • Yongwei Guo
    Eye Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
  • Werner Adler
    Department of Biometry and Epidemiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen, Germany
  • Keith R. Pine
    School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
  • Ludwig M Heindl
    Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
  • Footnotes
    Commercial Relationships   Alexander Rokohl None; Katharina Wall None; Marc Trester Trester-Institute, Code O (Owner); Philomena Wawer Matos None; Yongwei Guo None; Werner Adler None; Keith Pine None; Ludwig Heindl None
  • Footnotes
    Support  Supported by Cologne Fortune program of the University of Cologne to ACR; supported by the Cologne Clinician Scientist Program (CCSP), Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG, FI 773/15-1) to ACR; German Research Foundation (FOR2240 “[Lymph]Angiogenesis and Cellular Immunity in Inflammatory Diseases of the Eye”); HE 6743/3-1, HE 6743/3-2, and HE 6743/5-1 to LMH; doctoral scholarship by the German Ophthalmological Society (DOG) to KW. The funders had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication.
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2022, Vol.63, 3971 – A0251. doi:
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    • Get Citation

      Alexander Christopher Rokohl, Katharina Wall, Marc Trester, Philomena A. Wawer Matos, Yongwei Guo, Werner Adler, Keith R. Pine, Ludwig M Heindl; Novel Point-of-Care Biomarkers of the Dry Anophthalmic Socket Syndrome: Tear Film Osmolarity and Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 Immunoassay. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2022;63(7):3971 – A0251.

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      © ARVO (1962-2015); The Authors (2016-present)

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Abstract

Purpose : To compare tear film osmolarity (TFO) values and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) levels between anophthalmic sockets and healthy fellow eyes and to assess the use of the MMP-9 and TFO as biomarkers for the Dry Anophthalmic Socket Syndrome (DASS).

Methods : In this prospective single-center study, the anophthalmic sockets and healthy fellow eyes of 98 unilateral anophthalmic patients were assessed using the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire, InflammaDry® MMP-9 point-of-care immunoassay, TFO with TearLab™ Osmolarity System, and clinical conjunctival inflammation. MMP-9 concentration and conjunctival inflammation were graded semi-quantitatively. Differences between anophthalmic sockets and the healthy fellow eyes for OSDI scores, MMP-9, TFO values, clinical conjunctival inflammation, and eyelid abnormalities as well as the correlation between these factors and demographic data were evaluated.

Results : Patients had significantly higher OSDI, MMP-9, and TFO values, as well as higher conjunctival inflammation on the anophthalmic side, compared to the healthy side (p≤0.002, respectively). For anophthalmic sockets, there was a significant positive correlation between OSDI scores and TFO values (p=0.007), between the grade of posterior blepharitis and TFO values (p=0.026), between the conjunctival inflammation and MMP-9 values (p<0.001), as well as between MMP-9 levels and time since eye loss (p=0.004).

Conclusions : Measuring MMP-9 and TFO may be helpful tools as efficient, quantifiable biomarkers, disease course parameters, or predictors for treatment response in the clinical management of patients with DASS or in future therapy studies. Ophthalmologists should consider the updated diagnosis criteria including TFO and the definition for DASS proposed in this study.

This abstract was presented at the 2022 ARVO Annual Meeting, held in Denver, CO, May 1-4, 2022, and virtually.

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