Berberine (CSN13524) was purchased from CSNpharm (Chicago, IL, USA) and dissolved with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in 10 mM for storage solution. High-glucose Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM), fetal bovine serum (FBS), 0.25% trypsin-EDTA, and human IL-1β recombinant protein (PHC0815) were provided by Gibco (Waltham, MA, USA). Mesenchymal stem cell adipogenic differentiation medium (DM) was obtained from ScienCell (Carlsbad, CA, USA). Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), Modified Oil Red O Staining Kit (C0158S), DMSO, 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA), and penicillin/streptomycin solution (100×) were acquired from Beyotime (Shanghai, China). TRIzol reagent and RNA-Quick Purification Kit (RN001) were purchased from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA, USA) and Shanghai Yishan Biotechnology (Shanghai, China), respectively. Recombinant human TGF-β1 (AF-100-21C) and Fast Western blot kit, ECL Substrate (35050) were provided by PeproTech (Rocky Hill, NJ, USA) and Pierce (Rockford, IL, USA), respectively. The PAGE Gel Fast Preparation Kit was provided by EpiZyme (Shanghai, China). PrimeScript RT Master Mix (RR036A) and TB Green Premix Ex Taq (RR420A) reagent kits were obtained from Takara (Otsu, Japan). Cell Counting Kit 8 (CCK-8) was provided by DOJINDO (Kumamoto, Japan).