June 2023
Volume 64, Issue 8
Open Access
ARVO Annual Meeting Abstract  |   June 2023
Temporal trends in age, sex and geographic distributions of effective Refractive Error Coverage (eREC)- the new global eyecare 2030 target endorsed by the World Health Assembly
Author Affiliations & Notes
  • Rupert R A Bourne
    Vision & Eye Research Institute, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, Essex, United Kingdom
    Department of Ophthalmology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
  • Maria Vittoria Cicinelli
    Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
  • Tabassom Sedighi
    Vision & Eye Research Institute, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, Essex, United Kingdom
  • Ian H Tapply
    Department of Ophthalmology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
  • Ian McCormick
    International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, London, United Kingdom
  • Jost B. Jonas
    Department of Ophthalmology, Ruprecht Karls Universitat Heidelberg Mannheimer Institut fur Public Health, Mannheim, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
  • Nathan G Congdon
    Queen's University Belfast Faculty of Medicine Health and Life Sciences, Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
    ORBIS International, New York, New York, United States
  • jacqueline ramke
    International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, London, United Kingdom
  • Matthew Burton
    International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, London, United Kingdom
  • Andreas Muller
    World Health Organization, Geneva, GE, Switzerland
  • Tasanee Braithwaite
    Medical Eye Unit, St Thomas Hospital Eye Department, London, Greater London, United Kingdom
  • Hugh Taylor
    Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
  • Seth Flaxman
    Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
  • Robert J Casson
    Department of Ophthalmology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
  • Stuart Keel
    World Health Organization, Geneva, GE, Switzerland
  • Serge Resnikoff
    Brien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
    University of New South Wales School of Optometry and Vision Science, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
  • Footnotes
    Commercial Relationships   Rupert Bourne None; Maria Vittoria Cicinelli None; Tabassom Sedighi None; Ian Tapply None; Ian McCormick None; Jost Jonas None; Nathan Congdon Belkin Vision, Israel, Code C (Consultant/Contractor); jacqueline ramke None; Matthew Burton None; Andreas Muller None; Tasanee Braithwaite None; Hugh Taylor None; Seth Flaxman None; Robert Casson None; Stuart Keel None; Serge Resnikoff None
  • Footnotes
    Support  Brien Holden Vision Institute, Fondation Thea, Lions Clubs International Foundation, The Fred Hollows Foundation, Sightsavers, University of Heidelberg, World Health Organization
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2023, Vol.64, 2483. doi:
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      Rupert R A Bourne, Maria Vittoria Cicinelli, Tabassom Sedighi, Ian H Tapply, Ian McCormick, Jost B. Jonas, Nathan G Congdon, jacqueline ramke, Matthew Burton, Andreas Muller, Tasanee Braithwaite, Hugh Taylor, Seth Flaxman, Robert J Casson, Stuart Keel, Serge Resnikoff; Temporal trends in age, sex and geographic distributions of effective Refractive Error Coverage (eREC)- the new global eyecare 2030 target endorsed by the World Health Assembly. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2023;64(8):2483.

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      © ARVO (1962-2015); The Authors (2016-present)

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Abstract

Purpose : This study compared change in eREC between Yr2000 and Yr2021 among different age groups of male and female adults by Global Burden of Disease study (GBD) super region.

Methods : eREC of a population is defined as "people who have their need for refractive error correction met (met need; ability to see 6/12 or better) among people who have need which may be met, undermet or unmet". We analysed data from 95,921 participants of 22 population-based eye surveys conducted between 2000 and 2021. A generalised linear regression model was used to estimate sex and age distributions in GBD super regions among adults aged ≥50 years. We quantified temporal age and sex trends using probabilities and odds corresponding to the scaled slope parameter estimate from generalised linear regression.

Results : Average eREC of the 7 super regions was 32.3% for males aged ≥50 years in 2000 and 41.8% in 2021, an increase of 29.3%. For females, these values were 29.1%, 38.3%, 31.9%, respectively. Across super regions, the increase in male eREC ranged from 11.5-74.3% and 14.7-73.3% in females. A slightly higher increase in eREC among females compared to males over this time period was observed in all super regions except Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and South Asia. Dividing the population into younger (50-69 yrs) and older (70+) subgroups, older age was associated with approximately half the eREC of the younger group in males (Yr 2000: 50-69 yrs 34.8% vs. 70+ yrs, 17.4%; Yr 2021, 50-69 yrs 44.8% vs. 70+ yrs, 24.6%) and females (Yr 2000: 50-69 yrs 32.2% vs. 70+ yrs, 15.7%; Yr 2021, 50-69 yrs 42.1% vs. 70+ yrs, 22.5%). Greater increases in eREC were observed among the older age group over this period in both sexes (70+ yrs: males, 41%, females, 43%) compared to the younger group (50-69 yrs: males, 28.7%, females, 30.6%). This age pattern was also seen in each of the super regions.

Conclusions : This analysis of eREC, one of 2 new global eyecare 2030 targets endorsed by the World Health Assembly in 2021, demonstrates a substantial eREC increase globally over the past 21 years (in particular among older adults), but with variation between super regions. It highlights the sex inequity in eREC in 2000 and 2021 but suggests that this ‘gender gap’ has narrowed as evidenced by greater increases in eREC among females in most super regions over this time period.

This abstract was presented at the 2023 ARVO Annual Meeting, held in New Orleans, LA, April 23-27, 2023.

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