June 2023
Volume 64, Issue 8
Open Access
ARVO Annual Meeting Abstract  |   June 2023
Retromode imaging technology for detecting drusen in healthy adults
Mariano Cozzi; Davide Monteduro; Matteo Airaldi; Salvatore Parrulli; Federico Cinus; Andrea Trinco; Alessandro Invernizzi; Giovanni Staurenghi
Author Affiliations & Notes
  • Mariano Cozzi
    Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Lombardia, Italy
  • Davide Monteduro
    Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Lombardia, Italy
  • Matteo Airaldi
    Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Lombardia, Italy
  • Salvatore Parrulli
    Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Lombardia, Italy
  • Federico Cinus
    Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Lombardia, Italy
  • Andrea Trinco
    Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Lombardia, Italy
  • Alessandro Invernizzi
    Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Lombardia, Italy
  • Giovanni Staurenghi
    Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Lombardia, Italy
  • Footnotes
    Commercial Relationships   Mariano Cozzi Bayer, Code R (Recipient), Novartis, Code R (Recipient), Nidek, Code R (Recipient), Heidelberg Engineering, Code R (Recipient), Zeiss, Code R (Recipient); Davide Monteduro None; Matteo Airaldi Novartis, Code R (Recipient); Salvatore Parrulli None; Federico Cinus None; Andrea Trinco None; Alessandro Invernizzi Allergan, Code C (Consultant/Contractor), Bayer, Code C (Consultant/Contractor), Novartis, Code C (Consultant/Contractor), Heidelberg Engineering, Code R (Recipient); Giovanni Staurenghi Allergan, Code C (Consultant/Contractor), Bayer, Code C (Consultant/Contractor), Apellis, Code C (Consultant/Contractor), Boehringer, Code C (Consultant/Contractor), Centervue, Code C (Consultant/Contractor), Chengdu Kanghong Biotechnology Co, Code C (Consultant/Contractor), Genentech, Code C (Consultant/Contractor), Heidelberg Engineering, Code C (Consultant/Contractor)
  • Footnotes
    Support  None
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2023, Vol.64, 2081. doi:
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      Mariano Cozzi, Davide Monteduro, Matteo Airaldi, Salvatore Parrulli, Federico Cinus, Andrea Trinco, Alessandro Invernizzi, Giovanni Staurenghi; Retromode imaging technology for detecting drusen in healthy adults. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2023;64(8):2081.

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Abstract

Purpose : To investigate the ability of retromode imaging technology to visualize drusen in a cohort of healthy individuals without known macular diseases. We also investigate the correlation of macular drusen density with age and report the topographic distribution of macular drusen using retromode imaging

Methods : This prospective, observational, cross-sectional study evaluated macular images in healthy adults (35 years of age or older) using color fundus photography, retromode imaging, and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT). Two masked graders counted the number of drusen in each modality. The standardized early treatment diabetic retinopathy study (ETDRS) rings were adopted to divide drusen based on their distribution in the macular region. Analyses compared the number of drusen detected with all modalities and tested for an association between drusen and age. The topographic distribution of macular drusen was also investigated with retromode technology. P<0.05 was statistically significant.

Results : The study sample was comprised of 91 eyes from 52 healthy volunteers (mean age, 57.9±10.9 years old; range, 36-82 years). Overall, at least one druse was present in 63.74% of eyes on color fundus photography and 96.71% on retromode. Retromode imaging allowed detection of statistically significantly more drusen compared to color fundus photography (P<0.001) using the ETDRS grid (median, 4 vs 0 interquartile range, 1-14 vs 0-0 respectively). The density of drusen was higher in the outer and inner rings compared to the central ring [relative risk (RR), 16.70; 95% confidence interval (CI), 10.3-27.3 and RR,17.1; 95% CI, 10.5-27.6 respectively). Age was statistically correlated to drusen density in all three sectors (P=0.003).

Conclusions : Retromode technology was better for visualizing drusen at the posterior pole in healthy individuals. This non-invasive imaging modality should be used to investigate how the aging process affects the macula, which may allow a better understanding of the pathophysiology of age-related macular diseases.

This abstract was presented at the 2023 ARVO Annual Meeting, held in New Orleans, LA, April 23-27, 2023.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
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Copyright © 2025 Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology.
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