Abstract
Purpose :
Risk factors that influence the evolution and progression of vitreomacular interface disease to macular hole are not well understood. We characterize the progression of vitreomacular traction (VMT) to lamellar macular hole (LMH) and full thickness macular hole (FTMH).
Methods :
Retrospective, single-center, observational study of 332 eyes of patients who were diagnosed with VMT on optical coherence tomography (OCT) between 2008 and 2022 and had > 6 months follow-up. Progression to LMH or FTMH at any point was noted. Data collected included presence of LMH or FTMH in both eyes, diabetes, sex, and age. Fischer’s exact test and Chi-square test of independence were used to evaluate the association of these risk factors and progression.
Results :
Thirteen (3.9%) and 14 (4.2%) eyes with VMT progressed to LMH and FTMH, respectively. Those with a history of either FTMH or LMH in one eye were significantly more likely to have VMT progress to either LMH or FTMH in the fellow eye (p < 0.001). Patients with FTMH in one eye were more likely to progress to FTMH in the fellow eye (p < 0.001). However, having a LMH in one eye was not a risk factor for progression to LMH in the fellow eye (p = 0.407). Female sex was associated with increased progression of VMT to LMH or FTMH (p = 0.037). A history of diabetes was a protective factor from progression to LMH or FTMH (p = 0.022).
Conclusions :
Patients with known FTMH in one eye are at greater risk of progressing from VMT to FTMH in the fellow eye. Those of female sex are at greater risk of progression from VMT to FTMH, while having diabetes may be protective against progression to LMH or FTMH.
This abstract was presented at the 2023 ARVO Annual Meeting, held in New Orleans, LA, April 23-27, 2023.