Abstract
Purpose :
In patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), there are related metabolic changes at first, in smaller caliber nerve fibers such as A delta and C, which are unmyelinated and are known as thin fibers. These fibers are found in the cornea and are responsible for the perception of fine touch, pain and temperature. In this studio, it was studied show if there is a difference in sensitivity and dry eye symptoms, between healthy patients and T1DM.
Methods :
A population of 105 patients with T1DM was taken, over 18. Who have their metabolic control on Salvador Zubirán National Institute of medical Sciences and Nutrition. Patients taking neuromodulatory drugs, with diagnosis of VIH or major depression were excluded. At the ophthalmology institute “Conde de Valenciana”, these patients were studied, an esthesiometry was performed them in both eyes, taking the 4 peripheral quadrants (superior, temporal, inferior and nasal quadrant) and the central one of the cornea. Taking as hypesthesia form 5.5 mm. Also, a questionnaire was applied in these patients; DEQ-5, to classify dry eye symptoms in them. Qualifying as severe 12-13, moderate 11, mild 5-10 and without pathology 0-5.
Results :
The average of each eye was obtained, in patients with T1DM, what was obtained 9 with corneal hypoesthesia in both eyes (8.57%), 5 in right eye (4.76%), 7 in left eye only (6.66%) y 84 without hypoesthesia (80%) and the mean of their esthesiometry were 5.62. Healthy patients 100% did not have any type of hypoesthesia and the mean of their esthesiometry were 5.95. In the DEQ-5, the result in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus were; 50 without pathology (47.61%), 39 mild (37.14%), 2 moderate (1.90%) and 14 severe (13.33%). The result in the healthy patients were 14 without pathology (70%), 2 mild (10%), 0 moderate (0%) and 4 severe (20%).
Conclusions :
Dry eye symptoms were present on 52.37% of patients with T1DM, most common mild dry eye symptoms were present and around 20% with corneal hypoesthesia in at least one eye. In conclusion, some mild dry eye symptoms could be present in well controlled T1DM, also they could have some corneal hypoesthesia.
This abstract was presented at the 2023 ARVO Annual Meeting, held in New Orleans, LA, April 23-27, 2023.