June 2023
Volume 64, Issue 8
Open Access
ARVO Annual Meeting Abstract  |   June 2023
Designing Covalent Organic Framework-based Light-driven Microswimmers towards Intraocular Theranostic Applications
Author Affiliations & Notes
  • Erdost Yildiz
    Physical Intelligence Department, Max-Planck-Institut fur Intelligente Systeme, Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
  • Varun Sridhar
    Physical Intelligence Department, Max-Planck-Institut fur Intelligente Systeme, Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
  • Andrés Rodríguez-Camargo
    Nanochemistry Department, Max-Planck-Institut fur Festkorperforschung, Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
  • Xianglong Lyu
    Physical Intelligence Department, Max-Planck-Institut fur Intelligente Systeme, Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
  • Liang Yao
    Nanochemistry Department, Max-Planck-Institut fur Festkorperforschung, Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
  • Paul Wrede
    Physical Intelligence Department, Max-Planck-Institut fur Intelligente Systeme, Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
  • Amirreza Aghakhani
    Physical Intelligence Department, Max-Planck-Institut fur Intelligente Systeme, Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
  • Birgül Mükrime Akolpoglu
    Physical Intelligence Department, Max-Planck-Institut fur Intelligente Systeme, Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
  • Filip M. Podjaski
    Nanochemistry Department, Max-Planck-Institut fur Festkorperforschung, Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
    Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, London, United Kingdom
  • Bettina V. Lotsch
    Nanochemistry Department, Max-Planck-Institut fur Festkorperforschung, Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
    Department of Chemistry, Universitat Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
  • Metin Sitti
    Physical Intelligence Department, Max-Planck-Institut fur Intelligente Systeme, Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
    Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich, Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
  • Footnotes
    Commercial Relationships   Erdost Yildiz None; Varun Sridhar Novo Nordisk, Code E (Employment); Andrés Rodríguez-Camargo None; Xianglong Lyu None; Liang Yao None; Paul Wrede None; Amirreza Aghakhani None; Birgül Akolpoglu None; Filip Podjaski None; Bettina Lotsch None; Metin Sitti Setex Technologies, Code O (Owner)
  • Footnotes
    Support  EU-HORIZON2020-MSCA (Grant No: PHOTODOCTOR)
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2023, Vol.64, 5025. doi:
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      Erdost Yildiz, Varun Sridhar, Andrés Rodríguez-Camargo, Xianglong Lyu, Liang Yao, Paul Wrede, Amirreza Aghakhani, Birgül Mükrime Akolpoglu, Filip M. Podjaski, Bettina V. Lotsch, Metin Sitti; Designing Covalent Organic Framework-based Light-driven Microswimmers towards Intraocular Theranostic Applications. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2023;64(8):5025.

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      © ARVO (1962-2015); The Authors (2016-present)

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Abstract

Purpose : Even though micromachines with tailored functionalities enable targeted therapeutic applications in biological environments, their controlled motion in biological media and drug delivery functions usually require sophisticated designs and complex propulsion apparatuses for practical applications. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs), new chemically versatile and nanoporous materials, offer microscale multi-purpose solutions which are not explored in light-driven micromachines. In this study, we designed and produced various COFs for medical imaging, drug delivery, and photodynamic therapy purposes.

Methods : We describe and compare two types of COFs, uniformly spherical TABP-PDA-COF sub-micron particles and texturally highly nanoporous, irregular, micron-sized TpAzo-COF particles as light-driven microrobots. We produced their particle surfaces for specific applications in the biological media. We showed their light-driven propulsion in various biological media, such as cell culture media and intraocular fluids, and reported their biocompatibility and drug-delivery properties. Lastly, we showed their light-driven actuation with optical coherence tomography in the eye.

Results : We demonstrated that the COFs could be used as highly efficient visible-light-driven drug carriers in aqueous ionic and cellular media, even in intraocular fluids. Their absorption ranging down to red light enables phototaxis even in deeper biological media, and the organic nature of COFs enables their biocompatibility. The inherently porous structure with ~2.5 nm structural pores and large surface areas allows for targeted and efficient drug loading, even for insoluble drugs and peptides, which can be released on demand. Also, indocyanine green dye loading in the pores enables photoacoustic imaging or optical coherence tomography and hyperthermia in clinical conditions.

Conclusions : In this paper, we have studied two structurally and texturally distinct COF microswimmer types with tunable nanopore sizes toward their potential intraocular medical applications as multifunctional microswimmers. The real-time visualization of the drug-loaded COF microswimmers enables new insights into the function of porous organic micromachines, which will help solve various drug delivery problems. Soon, they could be functionalized in ophthalmology clinics for multimodal therapy and imaging of retinal diseases.

This abstract was presented at the 2023 ARVO Annual Meeting, held in New Orleans, LA, April 23-27, 2023.

 

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