Color Intelligent Inspection Vision System for Differentiating Color Vision Deficiency

Abstract

Purpose : Current examinations for color vision deficiency(CVD) have different drawbacks, such as long testing time for Farnsworth Munsell 100 hue test, inaccuracy for Ishihara due to patients’ learning effect, and complicated operating skills for Nagel anomaloscope test. We aim to develop a novel examination system to diagnose CVD with precision, convenience, and a user-friendly interface.

Methods : We reproduced 16 colors under the full-color gamut spectrum according to the Farnsworth D-15 test (D15). Our system comprises a D65 light source, a color generator, a color controller, and two integrators(Fig 1a). The subject differentiates each two-color set in five secs during the examination(Fig 2b). After dozens of color sets tested in 5 mins, the software calculates the confusion angle and confusion index. Fig 1c shows the 16 standard color spectrum of D15. Eleven CVD patients and 10 healthy volunteers were enrolled to validate our novel system. The results from our system were compared to those from D15 with Wilcoxon paired signed-rank test via R studio.

Results : We successfully examined the CVD patients and healthy volunteers with our system. All of them finished the tests in 5 mins without discomfort or difficulty. The healthy volunteers revealed no CVD from our system and D15. The confusion angle and confusion index results of the CVD patients from our system were comparable to those from D15(p=0.83 and 0.98) (Fig 2), indicating little difference in color vision exam results between the two methods.

Conclusions : Our newly developed system provides accurate color vision tests, which are highly consistent with the ones from D15. This system can potentially be applied to CVD patients with accuracy, convenience, and efficiency.

This abstract was presented at the 2023 ARVO Annual Meeting, held in New Orleans, LA, April 23-27, 2023.

 

Demonstration of the color intelligence-inspection vision system. (a)The D65 LED light emitted from the slit pass through the spectral splitter, and the spectra separated by LCD controller mix into two colors by integrater 1 and 2. (b)The patient differentiating the two colors appearing in the red circle. (c)The 16-color spectrum of Farnsworth D-15 for the standard D65 light irradiation, labeled from P, 1 to 15.

 

The results of confusion angle and confusion index of the CVD patients tested with our color intelligence-inspection vision system and Farnsworth D-15 method. The confusion angle(a) and confusion index(b) results from our system were comparable to the ones from D15(p=0.83, 0.98).