June 2023
Volume 64, Issue 8
Open Access
ARVO Annual Meeting Abstract  |   June 2023
Correlations between Visual Photosensitivity Threshold and Symptomatology Among Subjects with and without Traumatic Brain Injury
Author Affiliations & Notes
  • Rhiya Mittal
    Ophthalmic Biophysics Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
  • Mariela C Aguilar
    Ophthalmic Biophysics Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
  • Alex Gonzalez
    Ophthalmic Biophysics Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
  • Heather Ann Durkee
    Ophthalmic Biophysics Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
  • Shivam Patel
    Ophthalmic Biophysics Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
  • Paula Andrea Sepulveda Beltran
    Ophthalmic Biophysics Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
  • Gemayaret Alvarez
    Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
  • Barry E Hurwitz
    Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, United States
    Behavioral Medicine Research Center, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
  • Elizabeth Felix
    Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
    VA Miami Healthcare System, Miami, Florida, United States
  • Jean-Marie Parel
    Ophthalmic Biophysics Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
    Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, United States
  • Anat Galor
    Anne Bates Leach Eye Center, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
    VA Miami Healthcare System, Miami, Florida, United States
  • Footnotes
    Commercial Relationships   Rhiya Mittal None; Mariela Aguilar None; Alex Gonzalez None; Heather Durkee None; Shivam Patel None; Paula Sepulveda Beltran None; Gemayaret Alvarez None; Barry Hurwitz None; Elizabeth Felix None; Jean-Marie Parel None; Anat Galor None
  • Footnotes
    Support  Supported by the Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Health Administration, Office of Research and Development, Clinical Sciences R&D (CSRD) I01 CX002015 (Dr. Galor), Biomedical Laboratory R&D (BLRD) Service I01 BX004893 (Dr. Galor), Rehabilitation R&D (RRD) I21 RX003883 (Dr. Galor), Department of Defense Gulf War Illness Research Program (GWIRP) W81XWH-20-1-0579 (Dr. Galor) and Vision Research Program (VRP) W81XWH-20-1-0820 (Dr. Galor), National Eye Institute U01 EY034686 (Dr. Galor), R01EY026174 (Dr. Galor), R61EY032468 (Dr. Galor), U01EY034686 (Dr. Galor), NIH Center Core Grant P30EY014801 (institutional) and Research to Prevent Blindness Unrestricted Grant GR004596-1 (institutional), Florida Lions Eye Bank and the Beauty of Sight Foundation (Dr. Parel), Donations from: Drs. Harry W. Flynn Jr, Karl R. Olsen, Martha E. Hildebrandt, Raksha Urs, Aaron Furtado (Dr. Parel), NIH NEI – LRP (Drs. Aguilar and Durkee), Henri and Flore Lesieur Foundation (Dr. Parel).
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2023, Vol.64, 4234. doi:
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    • Get Citation

      Rhiya Mittal, Mariela C Aguilar, Alex Gonzalez, Heather Ann Durkee, Shivam Patel, Paula Andrea Sepulveda Beltran, Gemayaret Alvarez, Barry E Hurwitz, Elizabeth Felix, Jean-Marie Parel, Anat Galor; Correlations between Visual Photosensitivity Threshold and Symptomatology Among Subjects with and without Traumatic Brain Injury. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2023;64(8):4234.

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      © ARVO (1962-2015); The Authors (2016-present)

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Abstract

Purpose : The presence and severity of visual photosensitivity can be assessed qualitatively via validated questionnaires and quantitatively using devices such as the Ocular Photosensitivity Analyzer (OPA). This study compares OPA assessed visual photosensitivity threshold (VPT) measures with demographic information and questionnaire responses among subjects with history of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and healthy controls.

Methods : This IRB-approved study included 23 adults with history of TBI and 28 healthy controls. All subjects completed a medical history form and the following questionnaires: Visual Light Sensitivity Questionnaire-8 (VLSQ-8), Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), Headache Impact Test-6 (HIT-6), Dry Eye Questionnaire-5 (DEQ 5), and Numerical Rating Scale of Pain Intensity (NRSPI). VPT was assessed with the OPA (Aguilar et al. BOE 2018, 9(11): 5583-5596). The Pearson correlations among questionnaire scores and VPT were calculated, with r≥±0.3 and r≥±0.5 indicating moderate and strong correlation, respectively. VPT differences based on demographic factors (age, gender, race, ethnicity, medical comorbidities, medication use) were compared via t-test or analysis of variance. For all measures, a p-value≤0.05 was statistically significant.

Results : Demographic factors did not correlate with VPTs for either group. The average VPT of TBI subjects was significantly lower than controls (1.7±1.0 vs. 2.5±0.8 log lux; p<0.01), indicating greater visual photosensitivity in this group. Among TBI subjects, a strong negative correlation was found between VPT and VLSQ-8 (r=-0.60, p<0.01), HIT-6 (r=-0.60, p<0.01), and OSDI (r=-0.49, p=0.02) scores and moderate negative correlations were found with DEQ 5 (r=-0.33, p=0.13) and NRSPI (r=-0.45, p=0.03). Among control subjects, weak or no correlation was seen between VPT and questionnaire scores (r=-0.20-0.2; p>0.30).

Conclusions : Among subjects with history of TBI, an increase in the number and severity of symptoms evaluated by these questionnaires was associated with lower VPT measured by the OPA, indicating greater visual photosensitivity. These findings identified several standardized questionnaires assessing various aspects of visual photosensitivity, pain, headache, and dry eye symptoms as reasonable tools to evaluate visual photosensitivity.

This abstract was presented at the 2023 ARVO Annual Meeting, held in New Orleans, LA, April 23-27, 2023.

 

 

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