June 2023
Volume 64, Issue 8
Open Access
ARVO Annual Meeting Abstract  |   June 2023
Global prevalence of color vision deficiency: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Author Affiliations & Notes
  • Shiva Ram Male
    School of Medical Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
  • Shamanna B R
    School of Medical Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
  • Rashmin Gandhi
    Department of Neuro-Ophthalmology, Centre for Sight Eye Hospital, India
  • Baskar Theagarayan
    Centre for Vision across the Life Span, University of Huddersfield School of Applied Sciences, Huddersfield, Kirklees, United Kingdom
  • Footnotes
    Commercial Relationships   Shiva Ram Male None; Shamanna B R None; Rashmin Gandhi None; Baskar Theagarayan None
  • Footnotes
    Support  None
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2023, Vol.64, 1508. doi:
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      Shiva Ram Male, Shamanna B R, Rashmin Gandhi, Baskar Theagarayan; Global prevalence of color vision deficiency: A systematic review and meta-analysis.. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2023;64(8):1508.

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      © ARVO (1962-2015); The Authors (2016-present)

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Abstract

Purpose : This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the prevalence of color vision deficiency (CVD) in the available literature from 16 countries worldwide between 2000 and 2022. The purpose is to advocate for policy prescriptions for the problem of CVD locally.

Methods : We used the PRISMA guidelines search strategy for assessing the information related to CVD prevalence. After screening, 1,086 reports were found from the search sources: MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials between 2000 and 2022. We considered literature reviews, surveys, systematic reviews, and interventional or observational studies estimating color vision deficiency in different age groups and in different nations. We did a meta-analysis to compare CVD prevalence and calculated Odds ratio among different countries. N=16 articles were suitable for inclusion in the current review. All these sixteen final reports were from different countries’ prevalence data that had been evaluated for the past 22 years. Odds ratio and relative risk were the measuring outcomes included.

Results : When testing for heterogeneity (Q= 803, df=13, I2 = 98.3, p 0.01), the prevalence rate from the 16 mentioned nations was determined to be 6.70% (random effect) and 8.04% (fixed effect). Since the confidence interval ranged from I2 =97.96–98.72, we may infer that the observed heterogeneity is sustainable with in this time period. Figure 1 shows the results.

Conclusions : Prevalence of CVD varied between 1.40% and 13.93% in this sample between different countries. This discrepancy could be due to not only genetic factors but also could be becaue of difference in the distribution of sample size, lack of standardized protocols and testing. The review provides a base for adovacy for policy prescriptions within different nations for CVD. More epidemiological cohort studies are required to give us a better understanding.

This abstract was presented at the 2023 ARVO Annual Meeting, held in New Orleans, LA, April 23-27, 2023.

 

Forest, funnel plot for CVD percentage and SE followed by Tabular representation of CVD prevalence across n=16 countries worldwide.

Forest, funnel plot for CVD percentage and SE followed by Tabular representation of CVD prevalence across n=16 countries worldwide.

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