Abstract
Purpose :
To describe a novel methodology to create more reproducible, faster curvilinear periorbital facial measurements, streamlined by custom ImageJ program.
Methods :
Photos from the University of Illinois at Chicago Craniofacial Center database of patients were included in this study.. Neutral, front facing standardized photographs were analyzed. An ImageJ program was created to allow for streamlined curvilinear facial measurements. There are 15 user input steps with 42 measurement outputs per photo. First, the image is rotated using a vertical reference line. Both irises are measured to set image scale to standard 11.7mm iris diameter. Both pupils are traced. On both sides, the user measures 15 points along the superior brow line, inferior brow line, lid crease, upper lid margin, and lower lid margin. Curvature is calculated with fourth degree polynomial best fit curves. These curves and measurements are used to output desired periorbital measures, including margin-reflex distance 1 and 2 (MRD1 and 2), medial canthal height (MCH) and lateral canthal height (MCH), brow height from center, medial canthus, and lateral canthus (BH), inferior and superior scleral show (ISS, SSS), canthal tilt (CT), medial and lateral canthal angle (CA), vertical dystopia at iris center and medial and lateral canthi (VT), inner canthal distance (ICD), interpupillary distance (IPD), and outer canthal distance (OCD).
Results :
A total 15 facial photos were analyzed in triplicate, bilaterally (n=90). Analysis was successful in all photos, despite variations in lighting and photo size. Fourth degree polynomials were fit to the superior brow line, inferior brow line, lid crease, upper lid margin, and lower lid margin with R2 0.884-0.9998. Calculated measurements ranged: MRD1 (1.9–4.3mm) and MRD2 (4.7–9.2mm), vertical dystopias (0.02–12.5mm), ICD (27.0–42.2mm), IPD (49.9–70.1mm), and OCD (74.0–97.1mm). Mean coefficient of variation was 11 across all measures.
Conclusions :
This described method provides a streamlined ImageJ based tool for improving user workflow for the measurement of curvilinear periorbital features from standardized images. This tool reduces user steps and allows for easier analysis of large patient facial databases. Using automated measurements of curvilinear features may allow surgeons to better analyze differences in craniofacial disorders and surgical outcomes.
This abstract was presented at the 2023 ARVO Annual Meeting, held in New Orleans, LA, April 23-27, 2023.