Furthermore, miRNAs downregulated in ASC-derived exosomes compared with hCEC-derived exosomes have been described. Most of them, including hsa-let-7d-5p, hsa-let-7e-5p, hsa-let-7f-5p, hsa-let-7i-5p, hsa-let-7a-5p, hsa-miR-23a-3p, hsa-miR-34a-5p, hsa-miR-122-5p, hsa-miR-125a-3p, hsa-miR-125a-5p, hsa-miR-125b-5p, hsa-miR-181a-5p, hsa-miR-221-3p, hsa-miR-222-3p, hsa-miR-574-3p, and hsa-miR-574-5p, have been reported to be upregulated in senescent cells.
85–87 miR-423-3p drives the EMT by targeting CYBRD1.
88 miR-222-3p promotes the EMT by targeting E-cadherin and Notch signaling.
89,90 miR-25-3p regulates oxidative stress by upregulating NOX4.
91 miR-29 induces cellular senescence through multiple signaling pathways
92 and promotes particulate matter–induced inflammatory responses by regulating the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway.
93 miR-143-3p is a TGF-β-inducible miRNA
94,95 that indirectly and negatively regulates ER stress.
96 miR-130a-3p inhibits the TGF-β–induced EMT via SMAD4.
97,98 miR-21 is involved in the TGF-β1 signaling pathway
99 and suppresses the Hippo signaling pathway.
100 miR-23b-3p activates TGF-β signaling by increasing SMAD2 phosphorylation
101 and regulates autophagy by suppressing SIRT1.
102 miR-29, miR-143, and miR-21 inhibit mitophagy.
3,103,104 miR-221-3p facilitates the EMT and promotes cell migration.
105 miR-186-5p inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis.
106 miR-138a-3p induces senescence in renal carcinoma cells by targeting enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2)
107 and reinforces two separate senescence-regulating branches in progerin-expressing endothelial cells: the p53- and p16-associated pathways.
108 miR-199a-3p/5p participates in TGF-β- and epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced EMT by targeting DUSP5/MAP3K11.
109 miR-191-5p is induced by hypoxia and regulates TGF-β signaling.
110,111 miR-199b-3p suppresses the growth and progression of ovarian cancer via the EMT signaling pathway by targeting ZEB1.
112 miR-574-3p is induced by TGF-β1 and induces apoptosis.
72,113 miR-24-3p inactivates the Hippo signaling pathway.
114