Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science Cover Image for Volume 65, Issue 7
June 2024
Volume 65, Issue 7
Open Access
ARVO Annual Meeting Abstract  |   June 2024
Association between Long-term Systemic Use of Calcium Channel Blockers and Primary Open Angle Glaucoma in the All of Us Research Program
Kiana Tavakoli; Sophia Sidhu; Bharanidharan Radha Saseendrakumar; Robert Weinreb; Sally Liu Baxter
Author Affiliations & Notes
  • Kiana Tavakoli
    Division of Ophthalmology Informatics and Data Science and Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
    Division of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
  • Sophia Sidhu
    Division of Ophthalmology Informatics and Data Science and Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
    Division of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
  • Bharanidharan Radha Saseendrakumar
    Division of Ophthalmology Informatics and Data Science and Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
    Division of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
  • Robert Weinreb
    Division of Ophthalmology Informatics and Data Science and Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
  • Sally Liu Baxter
    Division of Ophthalmology Informatics and Data Science and Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
    Division of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
  • Footnotes
    Commercial Relationships   Kiana Tavakoli None; Sophia Sidhu None; Bharanidharan Saseendrakumar None; Robert Weinreb AbbVie , Aerie Pharmaceuticals , Alcon , Allergan , Amydis , Equinox , Eyenovia , iSTAR Medical , Nicox , Topcon, Code C (Consultant/Contractor), National Eye Institute ,National Institute of Minority Health and Health Disparities,Research to Prevent Blindness (New York, NY) ,Heidelberg Engineering ,Carl Zeiss Meditec,Centervue , Topcon, Zilia, Code F (Financial Support), Amydis , Eyenovia , Iantrek , Code I (Personal Financial Interest), Toromedes ,Carl Zeiss Meditec , Code P (Patent), Alcon, Code R (Recipient), Amydis , Eyenovia , Iantrek , Implandata, Code S (non-remunerative); Sally Baxter Optomed,Topcon, Code F (Financial Support)
  • Footnotes
    Support  NIH Grants DP5OD029610 ,P30EY022589 ,R03EY035824 and Unrestricted departmental grant from Research to Prevent Blindness,“The All of Us Research Program is supported by the National Institutes of Health, Office of the Director: Regional Medical Centers: 1 OT2 OD026549; 1 OT2 OD026554; 1 OT2 OD026557; 1 OT2 OD026556; 1 OT2 OD026550; 1 OT2 OD 026552; 1 OT2 OD026553; 1 OT2 OD026548; 1 OT2 OD026551; 1 OT2 OD026555; IAA #: AOD 16037; Federally Qualified Health Centers: HHSN 263201600085U; Data and Research Center: 5 U2C OD023196; Biobank: 1 U24 OD023121; The Participant Center: U24 OD023176; Participant Technology Systems Center: 1 U24 OD023163; Communications and Engagement: 3 OT2 OD023205; 3 OT2 OD023206; and Community Partners: 1 OT2 OD025277; 3 OT2 OD025315; 1 OT2 OD025337; 1 OT2 OD025276. In addition, the All of Us Research Program would not be possible without the partnership of its participants
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2024, Vol.65, 1903. doi:
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      Kiana Tavakoli, Sophia Sidhu, Bharanidharan Radha Saseendrakumar, Robert Weinreb, Sally Liu Baxter; Association between Long-term Systemic Use of Calcium Channel Blockers and Primary Open Angle Glaucoma in the All of Us Research Program. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2024;65(7):1903.

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Abstract

Purpose : Prior observational studies have demonstrated an increased risk of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) associated with systemic use of calcium channel blockers (CCBs), but several were limited by lack of diversity in the cohorts studied. We aimed to evaluate the association between CCBs and POAG incidence using a diverse, nationwide dataset.

Methods : We conducted a retrospective analysis of 213,424 individuals aged 40 years and older in the National Institutes of Health (NIH) All of Us dataset1, notable for its demographic, geographic, and medical diversity, and inclusion of historically underrepresented populations. Patients diagnosed with POAG before any anti-hypertensive medication use were excluded. Bivariate and multivariable regression analyses were performed using R.

Results : Within our cohort, 2772 participants (1.3%) were diagnosed with POAG based on electronic health record (EHR) data, while 210,652 (98.7%) did not. Among patients with POAG, the mean age was 73.3 years, 52.5% were female, and 48.2% identified as White. Among POAG patients, 32.6% used any CCB, 28.2% used a dihydropyridine CCB, and 2.2% used a non-dihydropyridine CCB. In bivariate analysis, use of any CCBs was associated with an increased risk of POAG (OR: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.27-1.31, p<0.001). In multivariable analysis adjusting for age, gender, race/ethnicity, comorbidities, and use of other anti-hypertensive medications, use of CCBs remained associated with an increased risk of developing POAG (OR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.36-1.77, p<0.001). When stratified by type of CCB, the use of dihydropyridine CCBs (OR: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.17-1.54, p<0.001) was associated with increased POAG risk (Table 1).CCB use was associated with a significantly higher risk of POAG2, even after adjusting for demographic factors, comorbid medical conditions, and use of other antihypertensive medications. When stratified by type of CCB, the use of dihydropyridine CCBs remained associated with an increased incidence of POAG in multivariable analysis.

Conclusions : These findings emphasize the potential impact of systemic antihypertensive medications on POAG incidence.3 Reducing use of CCBs may be another target for therapeutic intervention in patients with POAG among those who have concomitant hypertension.

This abstract was presented at the 2024 ARVO Annual Meeting, held in Seattle, WA, May 5-9, 2024.

 

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Copyright © 2025 Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology.
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