Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science Cover Image for Volume 65, Issue 7
June 2024
Volume 65, Issue 7
Open Access
ARVO Annual Meeting Abstract  |   June 2024
The effect of distance sensor accuracy on the estimates of nearwork. A Monte Carlo simulation
Author Affiliations & Notes
  • Aleksandra Fojcik
    Biomedical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
  • Aleksandra Kosciolek
    Biomedical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
  • Mateusz Popek
    Biomedical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
  • D Robert Iskander
    Biomedical Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wroclaw, Poland
  • Footnotes
    Commercial Relationships   Aleksandra Fojcik None; Aleksandra Kosciolek None; Mateusz Popek None; D Robert Iskander None
  • Footnotes
    Support  OPUS Grant, ID 594544, National Science Centre, Poland
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2024, Vol.65, 2752. doi:
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      Aleksandra Fojcik, Aleksandra Kosciolek, Mateusz Popek, D Robert Iskander; The effect of distance sensor accuracy on the estimates of nearwork. A Monte Carlo simulation. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2024;65(7):2752.

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      © ARVO (1962-2015); The Authors (2016-present)

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Abstract

Purpose : The aim was to use one of several devices available on the market to reliably and objectively measure the distance to a visual target over time, to assess its accuracy and to ascertain, via a Monte Carlo (MC) simulation and openly available population statistics, how this accuracy affects nearwork estimates in various environmental conditions for children.

Methods : The accuracy of two wearable devices (Clouclip M2, HangZhou Glasson Technology Co., Ltd., China) was calculated at a range of distances (0–120 cm), further divided into four levels of accommodative demand in diopter units. Measurements were performed in two lighting conditions for two vision targets: bright, glossy and dark, matte computer screen. Absolute and relative errors were computed. Using MC simulations, a daily (nominal) model of diopter-hour (Dh) values was assessed, using media use statistics for five age groups: <2, 2–4, 5–8, 8–12 and 13–18 years (commonsensemedia.org, 2020, 2021). Another (measured) model was computed for distances adjusted for Clouclip relative errors. The two models were compared for each age group.

Results : The distance values measured by the devices were overestimated, and the absolute error increased with distance. The relative errors (in %) presented in Tab. 1 varied and did not show any specific trend. The values of both nominal and measured models of diopter-hour values from MC simulations along with standard deviations for subsequent age groups are presented on Fig. 1. The difference between those two measures for the age groups are, respectively: 0.32 Dh, 0.63 Dh, 0.72 Dh, 1.08 Dh, 1.49 Dh per day, which corresponds to 16.5%, 15.4%, 3.7%, 11.4%, 9.6% relative difference.

Conclusions : The sensors overestimate the distance leading to underestimation of the amount of nearwork. For the oldest group this error could be depicted as undetected time watching one average-length movie or playing on smartphone for 30 minutes each day. Underestimated value of nearwork may give a false sense of control to a parent concerned with progression of their child’s myopia.

This abstract was presented at the 2024 ARVO Annual Meeting, held in Seattle, WA, May 5-9, 2024.

 

Table 1. Relative errors of Clouclip distance measurement [%]. Values used for simulated amount of nearwork are bolded.

Table 1. Relative errors of Clouclip distance measurement [%]. Values used for simulated amount of nearwork are bolded.

 

Figure 1. The mean amount of nearwork with standard deviation assessed with MC simulation for the five age groups.

Figure 1. The mean amount of nearwork with standard deviation assessed with MC simulation for the five age groups.

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