Abstract
Purpose :
This study aims to compare current standards of exophthalmos measurement with affordable 3D scanner units and smartphone technology. The Hertel exophthalmometer is the gold standard for measuring exophthalmos, which is reliant on the user's proficiency and a subjective measure. Recent research has introduced 3D scanners and smartphones as potential alternatives, showcasing the high accuracy and precision of devices like the Artec Space Spider and the smartphone application, Bellus 3D FaceApp. However, the evaluation of low-cost 3D scanners and other smartphone applications remains underexplored.
Methods :
Ten healthy participants had exophthalmos measured using three methods: the Creality Lizard 3D scanner, the smartphone application Scandy Pro (iPhone12), and the Hertel exophthalmometer. All measurements were conducted by a single skilled operator. The 3D models obtained from the Creality Lizard and Scandy Pro were measured using the Cloud Compare software. The measurements were taken from the lateral orbital rim to the anterior cornea on the 3D models.
Results :
Example scans of the same subject are shown in Figure 1. Comparative analysis revealed that the Creality Lizard 3D scanner produced measurements most similar to those obtained using the Hertel exophthalmometer (mean difference 0.86 [95 CI -1.0-2.8]). In contrast, Scandy Pro exhibited a tendency to overestimate measurements (mean difference 4.37 [95 CI 0.11-8.63])(Figure 1).
Conclusions :
The study highlights the potential of low-cost 3D scanners and smartphones in measuring exophthalmos. The findings suggest that the Creality Lizard, in particular, can be a viable alternative, offering cost-effectiveness without compromising accuracy. However, further research is warranted to validate these results in a larger sample size, including encompassing individuals with exophthalmos. Additionally, exploring the utility of 3D scanners in clinical settings and their applicability to diverse patient populations will contribute to establishing their relevance in ophthalmic practice. This study serves as a foundation for future investigations into the expanding role of 3D scanning technologies in ophthalmology and emphasizes the potential for lowering price barriers to accessibility for accurate exophthalmos measurements.
This abstract was presented at the 2024 ARVO Annual Meeting, held in Seattle, WA, May 5-9, 2024.