Abstract
Purpose :
While the symptoms of ocular surface diseases (OSDs) have been extensively studied, there is a limited understanding of the broader quality of life (QoL) impacts of OSDs. This study aims to explore the lived experiences of individuals with various OSDs and comprehensively investigate the QoL of those affected by these conditions.
Methods :
Purposive sampling was used to recruit participants 18 years and older across the spectrum of OSDs. Semi-structured in-depth online interviews were conducted via Microsoft Teams. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using NVivo Software Thematic analysis was performed using the phenomenological approach and method of constant comparison.
Results :
Seventeen participants (median age 59, range 27-74 years; 13 females, 4 males) were recruited for the qualitative interviews. Different OSDs were represented, including dry eye disease (n=5), dry eye disease with meibomian gland dysfunction (n=6), a combination of dry eye disease, meibomian gland dysfunction and contact lens discomfort (n=2) and dry eye related to Sjögren Syndrome (n=4).
Through the thematic analysis a total of 755 concepts were coded, based on 1543 comments across 11 broad themes: Activity Limitations, Health Concerns, Convenience, Coping, Driving, Economic, Emotional Wellbeing, Lighting, Mobility, Social Wellbeing, and Symptoms. The prevailing Health Concern was worsening of the disease. Performing visually intense tasks such as reading and using computers were notable Activity Limitations. The need to always carry eye drops, need to blink more often and need to use eye drops frequently were Convenience issues. Glare and sensitivity to sunlight emerged as significant Lighting issues. Driving at night was the main Driving concern of most participants. The cost of consultations was a common Economic issue. Most participants reported worry, frustration, and annoyance as part of the Emotional Wellbeing theme.
Conclusions :
OSDs comprehensively impact all aspects of an individual’s QoL. The predominant themes commonly reported were Health Concerns, Convenience, Coping, Emotional Wellbeing, Lighting and Symptoms. The issues identified will inform the development of item banks to measure OSD-specific QoL in affected individuals.
This abstract was presented at the 2024 ARVO Annual Meeting, held in Seattle, WA, May 5-9, 2024.