Abstract
Purpose :
E-cigarettes were originally intended as a healthier alternative for smokers. However, studies have shown pulmonary effects reminiscent of the original cigarette. Additionally, potential effects on the vascular system have recently received attention: changes in the reactivity of blood vessels, increase in blood pressure or even endothelial dysfunction, vascular and cerebral oxidative stress. However, the acute or chronic effect of e-cigarette consumption, whether or not containing nicotine, on visual functions is unknown.
This study aims to detect these phenomena at the level of retinal circulation and activity, a window to the central nervous system, to confirm the acute vascular and electrical impacts of vaping.
Methods :
Electrophysiological recordings (pattern ERG and VEPs) and retinal imaging (OCT-A and oxygen saturation) were performed before and after e-cigarette inhalation. In addition, the potential toxicity of the other components of these electronic cigarettes was investigated (vaping with and without nicotine). Finally, a comparison between smokers (n=22, 11 women and 11 men) and occasional smokers (n=22, 11 women and 11 men) was made to differentiate between acute and chronic effects of nicotine. Repeated measures ANOVA was used for statistical analysis.
Results :
The amplitude of the pattern PEV (N75-P100) appears to increase following vaping with nicotine compared to vaping without nicotine (p=0,009). The amplitude of the P50 component of the pattern ERG changes is more pronounced for female participants. The latency of the electroretinogram (P50) is reduced by vaping with nicotine (p<0.001). The reduction in latency after vaping is significantly greater for men. At the vascular level, changes in the oxygen content of retinal tissues show different responses to nicotine based on the individual’s sex. Oxygen saturation seems to decrease in women after vaping and vice versa for men.
Conclusions :
In conclusion, this study highlights the urgent need to consider gender-specific biological responses in the evaluation of vaping effects. The disparate impacts observed between men and women highlight the complexity of vaping-related health outcomes and emphasize the importance of gender-specific interventions and policies. Addressing these distinctions is essential for a comprehensive understanding of the health implications associated with vaping, paving the way for targeted strategies to mitigate potential risks and promote public health.
This abstract was presented at the 2024 ARVO Annual Meeting, held in Seattle, WA, May 5-9, 2024.