Abstract
Purpose :
This study investigates the risk and incidence of secondary lymphomas in patients with primary ocular lymphomas, a crucial area impacting patient care and prognosis in ocular oncology.
Methods :
An observational study utilizing the SEER 17 database, focused on patients diagnosed from 2000 to 2010 and followed until 2020. Stringent inclusion criteria based on ICD-O-3 codes were applied to select patients with primary ocular lymphomas. The standardized incidence ratios (SIR) are the relationship between expected incidence rates in the general population to the observed incidence rates in patients with different ocular lymphomas. Statistical significance was established with 95% confidence intervals and excess risk per 10,000 person-years analyzed.
Results :
In this study of 2,101 primary ocular lymphoma patients, 433 developed other malignancies, with 87 experiencing second lymphomas. The orbit had the highest incidence. SIRs showed a markedly increased risk of secondary lymphomas, particularly in the lacrimal gland and overlapping lesions. The overall SIRs varied by primary site, with the highest risks observed in the lacrimal gland (SIR 10.54) and overlapping lesions (SIR 10.43). Lid lymphomas exhibited the highest risk of developing secondary lymphomas within the first year post-diagnosis (SIR = 22.24). Within 1 to 5 years, ocular/orbital overlapping lesions predominantly developed secondary lymphomas (SIR = 9.18). In the 5 to 10-year period post-diagnosis, the lacrimal gland showed a notably increased risk (SIR = 18.8), while ocular surface lymphomas had the highest SIR after 10 years (SIR = 8.77), reflecting varied latency periods for secondary lymphoma development.
The latency period for secondary lymphomas ranged from 7.62 to 11.39 years, indicating a prolonged risk period. The age at initial exposure also varied, with the mean age for ocular surface lymphoma being 57.22 years, and 66.38 years for overlapping lesions, showing a broad age range of risk. The excess risk per 10,000 person-years was notably high, especially for overlapping lesions (67.19).
Conclusions :
The study reveals a significant risk of secondary lymphomas in primary ocular lymphoma patients. This underlines the need for vigilant monitoring and underscores the importance of considering secondary malignancy risks in patient management.
This abstract was presented at the 2024 ARVO Annual Meeting, held in Seattle, WA, May 5-9, 2024.