Abstract
Purpose :
To investigate the potential presence of microplastic (MP) particles in both multi-use and disposable artificial tears (AT).
Methods :
MP detection and characterization were performed using Raman spectroscopy and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) in five commercially available artificial tear products (2 multi-use ATs and 3 disposable ATs). For each artificial tears product, the first drops up to 30 ml (Group 1) were collected for analysis immediately after opening, followed by sequential collection and analysis of the remaining 30 ml (Group 2) of the artificial tears. The tests were repeated three times in each sample.
Results :
The average detection rate of MP was 30%, with a higher rate of 50% in multi-use ATs compared to 16.7% in disposable ones. Among the samples where MP was detected, an average of 1.9 ± 0.8 particles were found. The detection rates of MP in Group 1 and Group 2 were 66.6/33.3% (multi-use ATs) and 22.2/11.1% (disposable ATs), respectively. MP ranging from 10-20 μm in size were the most frequently detected, and the shapes of MPs were mainly smooth fibers and round irregular fragments. SEM images of the inner surface of containers containing ATs revealed the presence of cracks and irregularities.
Conclusions :
Various sizes and shapes of MPs were detected in multi-use or disposable ATs. Possible sources of MPs may be friction when opening the lid or separation from the inner surface of containers.
This abstract was presented at the 2024 ARVO Annual Meeting, held in Seattle, WA, May 5-9, 2024.