The Application and Usage of Anesthetics in the Surgical Treatment of Diabetic Macular Edema

Abstract

Purpose : This study aims to thoroughly assess various anesthetic techniques utilized in diabetic macular edema (DME) surgeries. Given the critical role of anesthesia in patient outcomes and surgical efficacy, the study seeks to identify the most effective anesthetic practices, bridging the existing knowledge gap in this area. It compares the traditional use of lidocaine with emerging alternatives, such as cooling anesthesia, to determine their relative safety and effectiveness.

Methods : Our methodology involved an extensive review of scholarly articles published from 1978 to 2021. We analyzed the use of different anesthetics, particularly focusing on lidocaine and its application methods, and the nascent practice of cooling anesthesia. The study considered variables like the types of anesthetic, methods of application, patient demographic data (age, sex), number of cases reviewed, and their outcomes. Statistical analysis was performed to assess the risk and efficacy associated with each anesthetic type.

Results : The review showed a predominant reliance on lidocaine, primarily applied topically, in DME surgeries. However, data indicates a gradual shift towards alternative methods like cooling anesthesia. Statistically, lidocaine usage showed a complication rate of 15%, compared to 5% in cooling anesthesia. Furthermore, patient recovery times varied significantly, with cooling anesthesia showing a 20% faster recovery rate on average.

Conclusions : The findings suggest that while lidocaine remains the most commonly used anesthetic in DME surgeries, alternatives like cooling anesthesia are gaining traction due to their lower complication rates and faster patient recovery times. This study underscores the need for continued research and clinical trials to further validate these findings and optimize anesthetic practices in DME surgeries.

This abstract was presented at the 2024 ARVO Annual Meeting, held in Seattle, WA, May 5-9, 2024.