Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science Cover Image for Volume 65, Issue 9
July 2024
Volume 65, Issue 9
Open Access
ARVO Imaging in the Eye Conference Abstract  |   July 2024
Multi-institutional analysis of barriers to extracting and harmonizing glaucoma testing and imaging data
Author Affiliations & Notes
  • Sally Baxter
    Division of Ophthalmology Informatics and Data Science and Hamilton Glaucoma Center,Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
  • Shahin Hallaj
    Division of Ophthalmology Informatics and Data Science and Hamilton Glaucoma Center,Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
  • Michael V Boland
    Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
  • Brian Stagg
    Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John Moran Eye Center, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
    Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
  • Sophia Wang
    Byers Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States
  • Benjamin Xu
    Roski Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States
  • Swarup Swaminathan
    Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States
  • Eric Brown
    Department of Ophthalmology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
  • Aiyin Chen
    Casey Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
  • Catherine Sun
    Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States
  • Dilru Amarasekera
    Glaucoma Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
  • Jonathan Myers
    Glaucoma Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
  • Murtaza Saifee
    Davidorf Eye Group, California, United States
  • William Halfpenny
    Division of Ophthalmology Informatics and Data Science and Hamilton Glaucoma Center,Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
  • Keri Dirkes
    Division of Ophthalmology Informatics and Data Science and Hamilton Glaucoma Center,Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
  • Linda Zangwill
    Division of Ophthalmology Informatics and Data Science and Hamilton Glaucoma Center,Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
  • Footnotes
    Commercial Relationships   Sally Baxter, Optomed (F), Topcon (F); Shahin Hallaj, None; Michael Boland, Allergan (C), Carl Zeiss Meditec (C), Janssen (C), Topcon Healthcare (C); Brian Stagg, None; Sophia Wang, None; Benjamin Xu, None; Swarup Swaminathan, AbbVie (C), Heidelberg Engineering (S), Lumata Health (C), Lumata Health (E), National Institutes of Health (F), Topcon (C); Eric Brown, None; Aiyin Chen, None; Catherine Sun, None; Dilru Amarasekera, None; Jonathan Myers, None; Murtaza Saifee, None; William Halfpenny, None; Keri Dirkes, None; Linda Zangwill, AbbVie (C), Carl Zeiss Meditec Inc. (F), Heidelberg Engineering (F), ICare Inc. (F), National Institutes of Health (F), Optomed Inc. (F), Optovue Inc. (F), Topcon Healthcare (C), Topcon Healthcare (F), Zeiss Meditec AISight health Inc.
  • Footnotes
    Support  NIH Grants DP5OD029610, P30EY022589, R01EY034146; unrestricted departmental grant from Research to Prevent Blindness
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science July 2024, Vol.65, PB0039. doi:
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    • Get Citation

      Sally Baxter, Shahin Hallaj, Michael V Boland, Brian Stagg, Sophia Wang, Benjamin Xu, Swarup Swaminathan, Eric Brown, Aiyin Chen, Catherine Sun, Dilru Amarasekera, Jonathan Myers, Murtaza Saifee, William Halfpenny, Keri Dirkes, Linda Zangwill; Multi-institutional analysis of barriers to extracting and harmonizing glaucoma testing and imaging data. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2024;65(9):PB0039.

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      © ARVO (1962-2015); The Authors (2016-present)

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Abstract

Purpose : Analyzing testing and imaging data at scale is critical for advancing glaucoma research. Historically, lack of standards adoption has impeded these data from being included in “big data” sources. Here, we collected information regarding data extraction workflows at 10 academic institutions to evaluate alignment with FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) principles and identify persistent barriers.

Methods : Researchers at each institution were asked to share methods of extracting visual field (VF) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) data. Details provided included devices used, use of Picture Archiving and Communication Systems (PACS), file types (e.g. PDF, XML, JSON, DCM, VOL, IMG), need for additional software licenses for access, and batch export functionality. Each institution shared challenges encountered and socio-technical/contextual considerations. Industry representatives were also queried regarding standards conformance and plans for future development. Barriers in extracting and harmonizing glaucoma imaging data were identified based on consensus review.

Results : There was a wide range of approaches to extracting VF and OCT data for research, including manual review, optical character recognition (OCR) of PDF documents, exporting structured reports in various file formats, or exporting raw pointwise or pixel data (Table 1). Many institutions employed multiple approaches simultaneously. Key challenges identified included lack of DICOM conformance for some modalities, dependence on proprietary PACS systems and additional licenses to access or export data, limited functionality in some cases to batch export data for a large number of patients, lack of familiarity among researchers with manufacturers’ export options, and dependence on enterprise information technology support. Reusability of data may also be limited due to non-standardized methods of representing VF pointwise data for varying grids and lack of coverage of glaucoma imaging data elements among standardized medical terminologies. These demonstrate gaps in alignment with FAIR principles (Table 2).

Conclusions : While there has been progress in adopting standards, many challenges remain for researchers to access, extract, and analyze glaucoma testing and imaging data. Multi-institutional collaborative efforts and ongoing engagement with manufacturers will help make these data FAIR in the future.

This abstract was presented at the 2024 ARVO Imaging in the Eye Conference, held in Seattle, WA, May 4, 2024.

 

 

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