Volume 66 Issue 6 | IOVS

Anatomy and Pathology/Oncology

Calcium-Dependent Regulation of Desmosomal Proteins in Human Meibomian Gland Epithelial Cells Open Access

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Fabian Garreis; Susanne Adelung; Martin Schicht; Ulrike Hampel; Friedrich Paulsen

Tags: calcium, desmogleins, epithelial cells, meibomian gland, mice

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2025, Vol.66, 49. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.6.49

Optic Nerve Invasion in Retinoblastoma: Impact of Eye Salvage and Adjuvant Chemotherapy Open Access

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Zhao Xun Feng; Junyang Zhao; Deion D'Souza; Nan Zhang; Mei Jin; Brenda Gallie

Tags: adjuvant chemotherapy, cellular enucleation, child, enucleation procedure, eye

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2025, Vol.66, 65. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.6.65

Plin2 Coordinates Immune and Metabolic Reprogramming in Lacrimal Gland Aging Open Access

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Xiaoting Pei; Shuting Xuan; Jingwen Yang; Mengru Ba; Tingting Yang; Duliurui Huang; Di Qi; Dingli Lu; Shenzhen Huang; Zhijie Li

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2025, Vol.66, 79. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.6.79

Serum gp100 as an Independent Prognostic Biomarker in Early-Stage Uveal Melanoma Open Access

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Manuel F. Bande; Carmen Piñeiro; Nerea Lago-Baameiro; Paula Silva-Rodríguez; María Pardo; María José Blanco-Teijeiro

Tags: neoplasm metastasis, pmel17, uveal melanoma, neoplasms, prognostic marker

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2025, Vol.66, 80. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.6.80

Studies of All-trans Retinoic Acid Transport in the Eye Open Access

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Saptarshi Chatterjee; Ankana Roy; Jianshi Yu; Arthur Thomas Read; Melissa R. Bentley-Ford; Machelle T. Pardue; Maureen A. Kane; M. G. Finn; C. Ross Ethier

Tags: tretinoin, proteins, fluorescence

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2025, Vol.66, 84. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.6.84

Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Age-Related Dysregulation of α5β1 and αvβ3 Integrin Activity Alters Contractile Properties of Trabecular Meshwork Cells Open Access

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Kassidy L. Johns; Jennifer A. Faralli; Mark S. Filla; Nandini S. Shah; Ying Ying Sun; Kate E. Keller; Donna M. Peters

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2025, Vol.66, 31. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.6.31

Machine Learning Identifies Key Gene Markers Related to Fetal Retina Development at Single-Cell Transcription Level Open Access

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Jiyu Zhang; Tong Du; Yiqing Jin; Yusheng Bao; Qinglan Ma; Yu-Dong Cai; Jian Zhang

Tags: fetus, genes, retina, machine learning, rod photoreceptors

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2025, Vol.66, 60. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.6.60

Circadian Rhythms in Murine Ocular Tissues Including Sclera Are Affected by Neurobasal A Medium Preincubation and Mouse Strain, but Not Sex Open Access

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Nemanja Milićević; Cristina Sandu; Etienne Challet; Teemu O. Ihalainen; Soile Nymark; Marie-Paule Felder-Schmittbuhl

Tags: bioluminescence, body tissue, circadian rhythms, mice, sclera

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2025, Vol.66, 62. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.6.62

Three-Dimensional Culture of Orbital Fibroblasts From Thyroid Eye Disease Induce In Vivo-Like Tissue Remodeling and Fibrosis Open Access

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Xiaoli Bao; Zhihui Xu; Xi Wang; Te Zhang; Huijing Ye; Huasheng Yang

Tags: body tissue, fibroblasts, fibrosis, graves' ophthalmopathy, tissue remodeling

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2025, Vol.66, 67. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.6.67

The Sialome of the Retina, Alteration in Age-Related Macular Degeneration Pathology, and Potential Impacts on Complement Factor H Open Access

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Jaclyn Swan; Christopher B. Toomey; Max Bergstrand; Hector A. Cuello; Jesse Robie; Hai Yu; Yue Yuan; Anoopjit Singh Kooner; Xi Chen; Jutamas Shaughnessy; Sanjay Ram; Ajit Varki; Pascal Gagneux

Tags: age-related macular degeneration, complement factor h, n-acetylneuraminic acid, pathology, retina

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2025, Vol.66, 81. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.6.81

Single-Cell RNA Sequencing of Rabbit Sclera at Different Developmental Stages: Unveiling Scleral Cells Atlas and the Heterogeneity of Fibroblasts Open Access

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Fayuan Li; Chengqi Gu; Chengpeng Liang; Yang Li; Shuo Wang; Qingqing Tang; Huan Jiang; Shaorong Linghu; Tingting Dan; Rong Shi; Xin Luo; Taixiang Liu

Tags: developmental stages, fibroblasts, oryctolagus cuniculus, sclera, sequence analysis, rna

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2025, Vol.66, 83. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.6.83

Clinical and Epidemiologic Research

Prevalence and Patient-Centered, Health-Related, and Economic Impact of Under-Corrected Refractive Error in Community-Based Older Singaporean Adults: A Population-Based Study Open Access

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Preeti Gupta; Ryan E. K. Man; Chiew Meng Johnny Wong; Sahil Thakur; Eva K. Fenwick; Tai Anh Vu; Amudha Aravindhan; Alex A. Black; Joanne M. Wood; Ecosse L. Lamoureux

Tags: adult, community, economics, health, patient-centered care

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2025, Vol.66, 3. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.6.3

Prevalence of Myopia and Axial Length Distribution in China: The Wuhu Children and Adolescents Eye Study Open Access

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Li Dong; Wen-Da Zhou; Ya-Bin Hu; Li Wei; Wei Cao; Ning-Hong Chen; Di Liu; Cheng Zhen; Yu-Chun Zheng; Jost B. Jonas; Wen-Bin Wei

Tags: adolescent, child, china, eye, myopia

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2025, Vol.66, 33. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.6.33

Myopia Development During Transition From Kindergarten to Early Grades in Elementary School: Population-Based Evidence From an Epidemic Area in Taiwan Open Access

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Yu-Chieh Yang; Der-Chong Tsai; Shao-You Fang; Hsin-Yu Yang; Chiao-Yu Wang; Chia-Wei Lee; Pei-Wei Huang; Mong-Ping Shyong; Yen-Lin Chen; Nai-Wei Hsu

Tags: child, elementary schools, kindergartens, myopia, taiwan

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2025, Vol.66, 48. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.6.48

Changes in Retinal Vasculature Phenotype and Choroidal Blood Flow at High Altitude in Healthy Lowlanders Open Access

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Jérémy De Abreu; Aymeric Paillisser; Florence Berquet; Stephen Hogg; Emanuele Trucco; Martial H. Geiser; Aurélien Pichon; Michael Furian; Emeric Stauffer; Benoit Champigneulle; Julien Vincent Brugniaux; Thomas J. Macgillivray; Samuel Vergès; Christophe Chiquet

Tags: high altitude, hypoxia, phenotype, retinal vasculature, vascular flow

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2025, Vol.66, 50. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.6.50

Interplay Between γ-Zone Peripapillary Atrophy and Optic Disc Parameters in Central Visual Field Impairment in Highly Myopic Eyes Open Access

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Nan Zhou; Takeshi Yoshida; Keigo Sugisawa; Sota Yoshimoto; Kyoko Ohno-Matsui

Tags: atrophy, eye, myopia, optic disk, visual field defects

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2025, Vol.66, 74. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.6.74

Cornea

Fatty Acid Desaturase 1 Knockdown Promotes Wound Healing and Functional Recovery of the Corneal Epithelium in Diabetes Open Access

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Yangqi Zhao; Yi Dong; Qingqing Zheng; Yue Zhao; Yingjie Ni; Peijin Qiu; Chuannan Chen; Mengyue Xu; Chaoyang Hong; Ting Shen

Tags: cornea, diabetes mellitus, rna, small interfering, wound healing, fatty acid desaturases

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2025, Vol.66, 6. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.6.6

Activation of Sympathetic Nervous System Drives Dry Eye Onset Via Norepinephrine-β2-Adrenergic Receptor Signaling in Mice Open Access

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Mingli Qu; Xiaofei Bai; Mengyao Zhang; Jingyi Wu; Lei Wan; Xiaoyu Li; Qun Wang; Lin Cong; Benxiang Qi; Qingjun Zhou

Tags: cornea, dry eye syndromes, mice, norepinephrine, sympathetic nervous system

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2025, Vol.66, 13. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.6.13

Generation of a Mouse Model of Fuchs Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy by Knock-in of CTG Trinucleotide Repeat Expansion in the TCF4 Gene Open Access

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Yuki Oyama; Suguru Ito; Taichi Yuasa; Mizuki Ueda; Satoshi Chiba; Tatsuya Nakagawa; Ayaka Izumi; Masahito Ikawa; Noriko Koizumi; Naoki Okumura

Tags: endothelium, genes, hereditary corneal dystrophy, mice, trinucleotide repeat expansion

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2025, Vol.66, 18. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.6.18

Cornea Nerves Can Identify Different Types of Parkinson's Disease Open Access

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Dongyu Li; Xinyu Zhang; Fan Yang; Xin Jin; Shumin Li; Haonan Yuan; Lifen Yao; Hong Zhang

Tags: cornea, nervousness, neurons, parkinson disease

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2025, Vol.66, 21. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.6.21

SLC6A6-Mediated Taurine Uptake Sustains Corneal Epithelial Stem/Progenitor Cell Function to Counteract Age-Related Dysfunction Open Access

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Yizhou Li; Feijia Xie; Lingling Yang; Xiaolei Wang; Yangyang Zhang; Hongqi Ge; Min Wang; Rui Cao; Qingjun Zhou; Ya Li

Tags: cornea, epithelium, mice, stem cells, taurine

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2025, Vol.66, 25. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.6.25

Corneal Sensory Denervation Causes Epithelial Ferroptosis and Delayed Healing in Mice Open Access

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Ning Wang; Yizhou Li; Xiaolei Wang; Lingling Yang; Jing Zhang; Jun Cheng; Xiaoyue Jiang; Xia Qi; Chao Wei; Qingjun Zhou; Ya Li; Suxia Li

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2025, Vol.66, 28. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.6.28

HIF-1α Promotes Inflammatory Responses in Aspergillus Fumigatus Keratitis by Activating Pyroptosis Through Caspase-8/GSDMD Pathway Open Access

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Hua Yang; Mengzhu Liu; Shiqi Song; Qiang Xu; Jieun Lee; Jintao Sun; Shasha Xue; Xiaoyan Sun; Chengye Che

Tags: aspergillus fumigatus, caspase-8, cornea, inflammatory response, keratitis

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2025, Vol.66, 32. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.6.32

M2a Macrophage-Dominant Microenvironment in Inflammation Attenuation and Wound Healing of Human Corneal Endothelial Cells Open Access

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Seung Hyeun Lee; Ahra Koh; Soo Jin Lee; Hun Lee; Kyoung Woo Kim

Tags: cornea, exosomes, inflammation, macrophages, endothelial cells

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2025, Vol.66, 35. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.6.35

Pyroptosis Mediated by ROS/Caspase-3/GSDME Pathway in Aspergillus fumigatus–Induced Fungal Keratitis Open Access

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Jingze Kan; Shiqi Song; Mengzhu Liu; Qiang Xu; Jieun Lee; Jintao Sun; Shasha Xue; Xiaoyan Sun; Chengye Che

Tags: aspergillus fumigatus, caspase-3, cornea, fungal keratitis, infections

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2025, Vol.66, 52. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.6.52

RIPK3-Mediated Necroptosis Drives Macrophage Infiltration and Corneal Neovascularization After Alkali Burn Open Access

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Yue Li; Boyu Yang; Qi Chen; Yuchen Zhou; Wen Hu; Xiaojia Huang; Guangyi Huang; Ningning Tang; Fen Tang; Hui Huang; Qianqian Lan; Wenjing He; Fan Xu; Yiming Ye; Li Jiang

Tags: alkalies, burns, cornea, corneal neovascularization, macrophages

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2025, Vol.66, 54. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.6.54

FGF10 Protects the Corneal Epithelium From Dry Eye-Induced Oxidative and ER Stress Via Upregulation of SLC7A11 Open Access

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Zhiwei Zha; Juan Li; Shuang Xie; Xunjie Shang; Zixin Xu; Haiyuan Chang; Kaisheng Wang; Yang Liu; Wei Chen

Tags: dry eye syndromes, endoplasmic reticulum stress, fgf10 protein, human, mice, cornea

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2025, Vol.66, 72. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.6.72

Human Platelet Lysate Treatment for Exposure Keratopathy: An In Vivo Confocal Microscopy and Anterior Segment OCT Study Open Access

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Chia-Ying Tsai; Wei-Lun Huang; Shang-Chih Yang; Bo-Da Huang; Vladlen Klochkov; Shu-Lang Liao; Albert Y. Wu; Wei-Li Chen

Tags: adrenal corticosteroids, blood platelets, cornea, epithelium, exposure keratoconjunctivitis

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2025, Vol.66, 73. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.6.73

Eye Movements, Strabismus, Amblyopia and Neuro-ophthalmology

Impact of Optic Nerve Tortuosity, Globe Proptosis, and Size on Retinal Ganglion Cell Thickness Across General, Glaucoma, and Myopic Populations Open Access

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Charis Y. N. Chiang; Xiaofei Wang; Stuart K. Gardiner; Martin Buist; Michaël J. A. Girard

Tags: exophthalmos, eye, glaucoma, optic nerve, orbit

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2025, Vol.66, 4. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.6.4

Biallelic NSUN3 Variants Cause Diverse Phenotypic Spectrum Disease: From Isolated Optic Atrophy to Severe Early-Onset Mitochondrial Disorder Open Access

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Neringa Jurkute; Heiko Brennenstuhl; Monika Kustermann; Lindsey Van Haute; Christian D. Mutti; Enrico Bugiardini; Takayuki Handa; Masaru Shimura; Axel Petzold; James Acheson; Anthony G. Robson; William L. Macken; Michael G. Hanna; Robert D. S. Pitceathly; Ashirwad Merve; Urania Kotzaeridou; Stefan Kölker; Michael Freilinger; Marcus Erdler; Reginald E. Bittner; Johannes A. Mayr; Yasushi Okazaki; Kei Murayama; Holger Prokisch; Andrew R. Webster; Michal Minczuk; Gavin Arno; Berthold Pemp; Georg F. Hoffmann; Wolfgang M. Schmidt; Patrick Yu-Wai-Man

Tags: family, mitochondrial diseases, optic atrophy, phenotype, mitochondria

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2025, Vol.66, 17. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.6.17

Multi-Feature Mapping of Distortions in Amblyopia With Localized Sampling Open Access

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Haneieh Molaei; Reza Abbas Farishta; Reza Farivar

Tags: amblyopia, perception, maps

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2025, Vol.66, 37. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.6.37

Peripapillary Hyperreflective Ovoid Mass-Like Structures: Prevalence and Associations in the Adult Population of the Beijing Eye Study Open Access

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Jost B. Jonas; Songhomitra Panda-Jonas; Dan Milea; Cédric Lamirel; Jie Xu; Rahul A. Jonas; Ya Xing Wang

Tags: adult, beijing, eye, prevalence, optic disk

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2025, Vol.66, 63. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.6.63

Maraviroc Prevents Optic Nerve Injury-Induced Retinal Ganglion Cell Apoptosis by Modulating the CCL5/CCR5/CTSS Axis Open Access

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Jingqiu Huang; Zhaohui Chang; Lian Liu; Cheng Lai; Xizhi Deng; Bin Jiang; Min Ke

Tags: apoptosis, chemokine (c-c motif) receptor 5, maraviroc, optic nerve, rantes

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2025, Vol.66, 77. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.6.77

Genetics

Several Common Genetic Variations Associate With Functional or Anatomic Effects of Anti-VEGF Treatment in Conditions With Macular Edema Open Access

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Ingeborg Klaassen; Maartje J. C. Vader; Khadija Aissa; Michael W. T. Tanck; Reinier O. Schlingemann; for the BRAMD, BRVO, and BRDME Study Groups

Tags: anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy, genes, genetic variation, genetics, macular edema

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2025, Vol.66, 2. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.6.2

Expansion of the ABCA4-Associated Retinopathy Spectrum: Severe Variants Can be Associated With Early-Onset Severe Retinal Dystrophy Open Access

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Daan M. Panneman; Rebekkah J. Hitti-Malin; Martin McKibbin; Suzanne E. de Bruijn; Erica G. M. Boonen; Andrea L. Vincent; Glenda Vargas; Jordi Corominas; Galuh Astuti; Christian Gilissen; Elfride De Baere; Chris F. Inglehearn; Susanne Roosing; Robert K. Koenekoop; Frans P. M. Cremers

Tags: abca4 gene, retinal diseases, retinal dystrophies, genes, proband

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2025, Vol.66, 19. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.6.19

Clinical and Biochemical Characterization of Specific GUCY2D Alleles Associated With a Rare Form of Night Blindness Open Access

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Rola Ba-Abbad; Igor V. Peshenko; Malena Daich Varela; Siying Lin; Gavin Arno; Omar A. Mahroo; Catherine Egan; Anthony G. Robson; Elena V. Olshevskaya; Alexander M. Dizhoor; Andrew R. Webster

Tags: alleles, night blindness, retinal cone, electroretinography, rod photoreceptors

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2025, Vol.66, 22. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.6.22

Investigating the Immunogenic Potential of Variations in Host Cell Protein Levels in Clinical-Grade AAV8 Products Open Access

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Immanuel P. Seitz; Eduardo Rodríguez-Bocanegra; Kirsten Bucher; Felix F. Reichel; Stylianos Michalakis; Dimitri Romanovsky; Martin Biel; Bernd Wissinger; Karl-Ulrich Bartz-Schmidt; Tobias Peters; Manuel D. Fischer; on behalf of the RD-CURE Consortium

Tags: disease vectors, proteins, spatial vectors, cytokine, thp-1 cells

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2025, Vol.66, 38. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.6.38

Does the Association Between Eye Disease and Cognitive Function Vary by Genetic Risk of Cognitive Decline? An Analysis of Hospital Data With Replication in the Canadian Longitudinal Study... Open Access

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Emily Tran; Mohan Rakesh; Gisele Li; Ellen E. Freeman; Marie-Hélène Roy-Gagnon

Tags: aging, cognitive ability, cognitive impairment, eye diseases, genetic risk

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2025, Vol.66, 71. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.6.71

Glaucoma

Cross-Tissue Transcriptome-Wide Association Study Identifies Novel Genes Associated With POAG Open Access

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Jianqi Chen; Xiaohua Zhuo; Yangjiani Li; Yingting Zhu; Zhidong Li; Xinyue Shen; Yehong Zhuo; Hongmei Tan; Lei Lei

Tags: body tissue, genes, open-angle glaucoma

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2025, Vol.66, 7. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.6.7

PRMT5 Regulates Senescence in Retinal Ganglion Cells by Targeting the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Cascade Open Access

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Yumeng Zhang; Hanwen Huang; Huimin Zhong; Yang Zhang; Siqi He; Yanzhi Guo; Yiwei Wang; Ping Huang; Shouyue Huang; Yisheng Zhong

Tags: aging, mice, older adult, signal transduction, retinal ganglion cells

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2025, Vol.66, 8. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.6.8

Genetic Spectrum and Genotype-Phenotype Correlations in a Chinese Cohort With Nanophthalmos With Secondary Angle-Closure Glaucoma Open Access

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Xiaowei Yu; Hanxue Zhao; Yan Gao; Tao Zhou; Lin Deng; Miao Zhang; Hongyu Zhong; Feng Mei; Zhijun Li; Longyan Sun; Tianrui Zhang; Yan Shi; Zhigang Fan

Tags: angle closure glaucoma, chinese (other dialects), chinese people, cohort studies, genetics

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2025, Vol.66, 9. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.6.9

The Association of Muscle-Related Factors With Glaucoma and Related Traits in a Large United Kingdom Population Open Access

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Kian M. Madjedi; Kelsey V. Stuart; Grace S. Yin; Robert N. Luben; Zihan Sun; Mahantesh Biradar; Ruiqi Hu; Paul J. Foster; Peng T. Khaw; Katharina C. Bell; Jonathan G. Crowston; Anthony P. Khawaja; on behalf of the UK Biobank Eye and Vision Consortium

Tags: glaucoma, muscle, intraocular pressure

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2025, Vol.66, 66. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.6.66

Immunology and Microbiology

Disruption of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Signaling in RPE Cells Increases Resistance to Ocular Toxoplasmosis Open Access

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Amelia Pfaff; Alyssa Hubal; Sarah Vos; Vera Bonilha; Carlos S. Subauste

Tags: epidermal growth factor receptors, ocular toxoplasmosis, retinal pigment cell, signal transduction, mice

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2025, Vol.66, 11. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.6.11

Adrenomedullin-RAMP2 System Modulates Inflammation and Tissue Repair in Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis Via T-Cell and M2 Macrophage Regulation Open Access

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Yorishige Matsuda; Megumu Tanaka; Yunlu Zhao; Shinji Kakihara; Ken Hoshiyama; Takayuki Sakurai; Akiko Kamiyoshi; Yuka Ichikawa-Shindo; Hisaka Kawate; Yan Zhang; Qianqian Guo; Peixuan Li; Jiake Li; Jun Duan; Marina Hayashi; Hideki Sanjo; Toshinori Murata; Takayuki Shindo

Tags: adrenomedullin, autoimmunity, inflammation, macrophages, mice

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2025, Vol.66, 12. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.6.12

Alterations of the Enteric Virome in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease Open Access

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Mingzhu Liu; Jiawei Geng; Siyan Jin; Ping Hu; Xia Wang; Xiaoli Liu

Tags: uveomeningoencephalitic syndrome, virome, viruses

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2025, Vol.66, 15. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.6.15

Whole Genome Analysis of Ocular Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates Reveals Genetic Diversity Open Access

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Samantha Wellington Miranda; Camille André; Paulo J. M. Bispo; Michael S. Gilmore

Tags: eye infections, genes, genetics, genome, infections

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2025, Vol.66, 58. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.6.58

Lens

Light Influences Time-of-Day Differences in the Expression of Clock Genes and Redox Genes Involved in Glutathione Homeostasis in the Lens Open Access

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Bo Li; Haruna Suzuki-Kerr; Christopher J. J. Lim; Renita M. Martis; Fenger Ou Yang; Erl Carlos; Paul J. Donaldson; Raewyn C. Poulsen; Julie C. Lim

Tags: clock gene, genes, lens (device), lens, crystalline, glutathione

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2025, Vol.66, 24. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.6.24

Hyperopic Eyes Are Structurally More Dynamic Than Myopic Eyes During Accommodation: An In Vivo Investigation Open Access

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Tuyishime Didier Fidele Uwacu; Saugat Bhattacharyya; Kathryn J. Saunders; Julie-Anne Little

Tags: eye, visual accommodation, refractive errors, lens, crystalline, lens (device)

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2025, Vol.66, 51. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.6.51

Low Vision

The Efficiency and Safety of Oxygen-Supplemented Accelerated Scleral Cross-Linking in Rabbits Open Access

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Lingling Yan; Ce Wu; Xiaona Liu; Pengfei Han; Jie Zhang; Zhipeng Gao; Xiaona Li; Weiyi Chen

Tags: cross-linking, oryctolagus cuniculus, oxygen, sclera, safety

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2025, Vol.66, 10. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.6.10

Multidisciplinary Ophthalmic Imaging

Choroidal Hyperreflective Foci Represent a Common Finding Across Different Types of Macular Atrophy Open Access

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Lorena Ulla; Claudio Foti; Alessandro Arrigo; Maurizio Battaglia Parodi; Maria Vittoria Cicinelli; Paola Marolo; Elisabetta Miserocchi; Mario Peronetti; Francesco Bandello; Enrico Borrelli; Michele Reibaldi

Tags: atrophoderma maculatum

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2025, Vol.66, 42. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.6.42

Physiology and Pharmacology

Impact of Second-Generation PDE 5 Inhibitor, Avanafil, on Retinal Function: Studies From Ex Vivo ERG Open Access

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Sama Saeid; Frans Vinberg; Ari Koskelainen

Tags: avanafil, electroretinography, phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors, rod photoreceptors, phototransduction

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2025, Vol.66, 14. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.6.14

Modeling the Ocular Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Ranibizumab for Improved Understanding and Data Collection Strategies in Ocular Diseases Open Access

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Jessica R. Crawshaw; Eamonn A. Gaffney; Michael Gertz; Philip K. Maini; Antonello Caruso

Tags: aqueous humor, ranibizumab, vascular endothelial growth factor a, pharmacodynamics, eye diseases

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2025, Vol.66, 20. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.6.20

The Effects of Delayed Visual Feedback on Dynamic Postural Control Open Access

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Nora Pourhashemi; Kayton Jaksic; Behrang Keshavarz; Taylor W. Cleworth

Tags: regulation of posture, vision, visual feedback, electromyography

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2025, Vol.66, 68. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.6.68

Antibiotics-Induced Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis Affects Susceptibility to Minus Lens-Induced Myopia in Mice Open Access

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Shin-ichi Ikeda; Deokho Lee; Junhan Chen; Shinji Fukuda; Kazuno Negishi; Kazuo Tsubota; Toshihide Kurihara

Tags: antibiotics, disease susceptibility, gastrointestinal microbiome, lens (device), lens, crystalline

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2025, Vol.66, 76. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.6.76

Retina

Anti-VEGF Agents Clearance Through the Aqueous Outflow Pathway in a Rat Model Open Access

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Assaf Ben-Arzi; Itay Spector; Yariv Keshet; Orly Gal-Or; Irit Bahar; Assaf Dotan

Tags: aflibercept, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy, drug clearance, ranibizumab, intravitreal injections

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2025, Vol.66, 1. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.6.1

Posterior Retinal Ischemia Correlates With Vision in Patients With Diabetes Open Access

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Shinji Kakihara; Anna Busza; Taffeta Chingning Yamaguchi; Amani A. Fawzi

Tags: diabetes mellitus, ischemia, retinal ischemia, vision, eye

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2025, Vol.66, 5. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.6.5

Short-Chain Fatty Acids Are Potential Biomarkers of Immune Regulation in Diabetic Retinopathy Open Access

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Xinran Qin; Jiaqi Sun; Yi Xu; Lina Lu; Yingyan Ma; Fangzhou Lou; Haidong Zou

Tags: acetates, biological markers, diabetic retinopathy, plasma, regulation

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2025, Vol.66, 23. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.6.23

RAGE Is Essential for Subretinal Fibrosis in Laser-Induced Choroidal Neovascularization: Therapeutic Implications Open Access

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Parameswaran G. Sreekumar; Mi-Hyun Nam; Elise Hong; Ram Kannan; Ram H. Nagaraj

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2025, Vol.66, 30. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.6.30

Relationship of Choroidal Thickness With Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Asians: An Asian Eye Epidemiology Consortium Meta-Analysis Open Access

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Mariko Sasaki; Kai Xiong Cheong; Crystal Chun Yuen Chong; Marco Yu; Akiko Hanyuda; Kenya Yuki; Kazuno Negishi; Sawako Hashimoto; Kohta Fujiwara; Kohei Sonoda; Ya Xing Wang; Fei Gao; Anyarak Amornpetchsathaporn; Methaphon Chainakul; Ramyaa Srinivasan; Rehana Khan; Rajiv Raman; Paisan Ruamviboonsuk; Sung Ho Kim; Su Jeong Song; Mohammad Hassan Emamian; Hassan Hashemi; Akbar Fotouhi; Juping Liu; Xiaorong Li; Jost B. Jonas; Chui Ming Gemmy Cheung; Tien Yin Wong; Ching-Yu Cheng; Yih Chung Tham; Yasuo Yanagi; Anna Cheng Sim Tan

Tags: age-related macular degeneration, asian, epidemiology, eye, meta-analysis

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2025, Vol.66, 36. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.6.36

Systemic Hypoxia Increases Retinal Blood Flow but Reduces the Oxygen Saturation Less in Peripheral Than in Macular Vessels in Normal Persons Open Access

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Jacob Drachmann; Line Petersen; Signe Krejberg Jeppesen; Toke Bek

Tags: hypoxia, oxygen saturation measurement, vascular flow, venule, arteriole

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2025, Vol.66, 43. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.6.43

NR4A1 Alleviates Subretinal Fibrosis by Inhibiting Macrophage to Myofibroblast Transition Open Access

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Rufei Yang; Tingting Zong; Ning Wang; Feng Wang; Ying Su

Tags: choroidal neovascularization, fibrosis, macrophages, myofibroblasts, mice

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2025, Vol.66, 47. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.6.47

Allogenic Transplantation of RPE Strips Lacking MHC Class II Can Avoid Rejection in Nonhuman Primate Eyes Open Access

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Atsuta Ozaki; Sunao Sugita; Masaaki Ishida; Mitsuhiro Nishida; Kyoko Iseki; Noriko Sakai; Naoko Hayashi; Takashi Shiina; Satoshi Yokota; Shin-ichiro Ito; Masashi Fujihara; Mineo Kondo; Masayo Takahashi; Yasuo Kurimoto; Michiko Mandai

Tags: cercopithecidae, eye, genes, mhc class ii, rejection (psychology), transplantation

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2025, Vol.66, 53. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.6.53

Identifying Retinal Features Using a Self-Configuring CNN for Clinical Intervention Open Access

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Daniel S. Kermany; Wesley Poon; Anaya Bawiskar; Natasha Nehra; Orhun Davarci; Glori Das; Matthew Vasquez; Shlomit Schaal; Raksha Raghunathan; Stephen T. C. Wong

Tags: datasets, retinal diseases

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2025, Vol.66, 55. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.6.55

Liposome Encapsulation Enhances Ripasudil Therapeutic Efficacy Against Proliferative Vitreoretinal Diseases: Implications in Advanced Ocular Treatment Open Access

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Rui Ji; Keijiro Ishikawa; Wei Tan; Kenichiro Mori; Ryotaro Tsukamoto; Naoya Matsunaga; Kohei Kiyohara; Yosuke Fukuda; Iori Wada; Tomoyuki Isobe; Tomohito Tanihara; Yuya Yoshida; Kouta Mayanagi; Kosuke Oyama; Yuma Terada; Kaita Otsuki; Kengo Hamamura; Hiroshi Kikuchi; Shintaro Nakao; Shigeo Yoshida; Ram Kannan; Shigehiro Ohdo; Koh-Hei Sonoda

Tags: encapsulation, hmga2 protein, lipoma, liposomes, radioimmunoprecipitation assay

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2025, Vol.66, 56. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.6.56

BCAT1 Activation Reprograms Branched-Chain Amino Acid Metabolism and Epigenetically Promotes Inflammation in Diabetic Retinopathy Open Access

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Jingyi Wang; Zihan Yin; Jingxiao Yang; Sijun Sun; Xiaofang Tang; Shengjie Zhang; Yi-Ping Wang; Haiyan Wang

Tags: amino acids, branched-chain, diabetic retinopathy, inflammation, metabolism, diabetes mellitus

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2025, Vol.66, 59. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.6.59

Alteration of Tear Metabolomics Profiling in Infants With Retinopathy of Prematurity Open Access

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Zixin Fan; Shuo Yang; Xiaofeng Lu; Sifan Zhang; Xianlu Zeng; Lin Lin; Duo Yuan; Jian Zeng; Guoming Zhang

Tags: biological markers, infant, metabolites, metabolomics, retinopathy of prematurity

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2025, Vol.66, 61. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.6.61

Ocular Phenotyping of Knockout Mice Identifies Genes Associated With Late Adult Retinal Phenotypes Open Access

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Abraham Hang; Andy Shao; Michael Shea; Michel J. Roux; Denise M. Imai-Leonard; David J. Adams; Takanori Amano; Oana V. Amarie; Zorana Berberovic; Raphaël Bour; Lynette Bower; Brian C. Leonard; Steve D. Brown; Soo Young Cho; Sharon Clementson-Mobbs; Abigail J. D'Souza; Mary Dickinson; Mohammad Eskandarian; Ann M. Flenniken; Helmut Fuchs; Valerie Gailus-Durner; Jason Heaney; Yann Hérault; Martin Hrabe de Angelis; Chih-Wei Hsu; Shundan Jin; Russell Joynson; Yeon Kyung Kang; Haerim Kim; Hiroshi Masuya; Ki-Hoan Nam; Hyuna Noh; Lauryl M. J. Nutter; Marcela Palkova; Jan Prochazka; Miles Joseph Raishbrook; Fabrice Riet; Jason Salazar; John Richard Seavitt; Radislav Sedlacek; Mohammed Selloum; Kyoung Yul Seo; Je Kyung Seong; Hae-Sol Shin; Toshihiko Shiroishi; Tania Sorg; Michelle Stewart; Masaru Tamura; Heather Tolentino; Uchechukwu Udensi; Sara Wells; Wolfgang Wurst; Atsushi Yoshiki; Hamid Meziane; Glenn Yiu; Paul A. Sieving; Louise Lanoue; K C. Kent Lloyd; Colin McKerlie; Ala Moshiri; for the International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (IMPC)

Tags: adult, genes, mice, mice, knockout, phenotype

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2025, Vol.66, 64. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.6.64

Small-Molecule Inhibition of the Hippo Pathway Induces Regeneration of Retinal Pigment Epithelium Open Access

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Erik A. Souverein; Sanyukta Oak; Zachary Fouladian; Mark W. Reid; G. Esteban Fernandez; Andrew Salas; Jennifer G. Aparicio; Aaron Nagiel; Ksenia Gnedeva

Tags: cell proliferation, hippo signaling pathway, lasers, long-acting thyroid stimulator, phosphotransferases

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2025, Vol.66, 69. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.6.69

Evaluation of Anti-VEGFR2 Specific Photoimmunotherapy for Targeted Regression of Neovascularization in an AMD Model Open Access

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Hideto Osada; Takashi Nishimura; Makoto Mitsunaga; Masayuki Saruta; Kazuo Tsubota; Kazuno Negishi; Toshihide Kurihara; Norimitsu Ban

Tags: choroidal neovascularization, lasers, neovascularization, pathologic, photoimmunotherapy, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2025, Vol.66, 70. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.6.70

Increment Thresholds in Retinitis Pigmentosa: Association With Retinal Thickness Open Access

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Robert A. Hyde; Jason C. Park; J. Jason McAnany

Tags: retinitis pigmentosa, fovea centralis, retinal cone, visual fields

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2025, Vol.66, 78. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.6.78

Histological Assessment of Foveal Mechanical Instability and Potential Implications for Macular Diseases Open Access

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Isabela Martins Melo; Jeffrey D. Messinger; Christine A. Curcio; Rajeev H. Muni

Tags: body tissue, cysts, eye, fovea centralis, macular disorders

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2025, Vol.66, 82. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.6.82

Retinal Cell Biology

Characterization of Bruch's Membrane Formation in Human Fetal Retina and De Novo Membrane Synthesis by hPSC-Derived Retinal Pigment Epithelium Open Access

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Emily P. Lanning; Matthew J. Branch; Philippa Harding; Miriam Margari; Alexander J. Smith; Robin R. Ali; Rachael A. Pearson

Tags: biological response modifiers, bruch's basal membrane, fetus, proteins, retina

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2025, Vol.66, 40. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.6.40

Visual Neuroscience

Associations Between Myopia and Brain Volumes: An Observational and Genetic Analysis Open Access

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Selena Wei Zhang; Jingze Guo; Yanxian Chen; Jiahao Liu; Yu Huang; Xianwen Shang; Mingguang He

Tags: brain volume, myopia, genetic analysis

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2025, Vol.66, 57. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.6.57

Visual Psychophysics and Physiological Optics

Dose Dependent Effects of Atropine on Static and Dynamic Pupil and Accommodation Metrics in Young Adults Open Access

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Barsha Lal; Hope M. Queener; Lisa A. Ostrin

Tags: atropine, pupil, visual accommodation, young adult

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2025, Vol.66, 34. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.6.34

Letters to the Editor

Letter to the Editor: “VEP Latency Delay Reflects Demyelination Beyond the Optic Nerve in the Cuprizone Model” Open Access

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Henrique Rocha Mendonça; Ana Carolina de Pádua; Saulo Augusto Alves da Cruz; Greice Nascimento Pires; Sheila Espírito-Santo

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2025, Vol.66, 27. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.6.27

Erratum

Erratum in: The Mechanosensitive Piezo1 Channel Mediates Mechanochemical Transmission in Myopic Eyes Open Access

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Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2025, Vol.66, 16. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.6.16

Erratum in: Treatment of Pathological Lymphangiogenesis via Circular RNA-Mediated Cholesterol Metabolism Remodeling Open Access

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Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2025, Vol.66, 26. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.6.26

Erratum in: A Novel AAV Capsid-Mediated RS1 Gene Therapy Restored Retinal Function to Wild-Type Levels in Rs1^R213W Mouse Model Open Access

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Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2025, Vol.66, 29. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.6.29

Erratum in: Ocular Surface Involvements in the Development of Sjögren's Syndrome–Associated Dry Eye in the IL14α Transgenic Mouse Open Access

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Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2025, Vol.66, 39. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.6.39

Erratum in: Ferroptosis Contributes to Retinal Ganglion Cell Loss in GLAST Knockout Mouse Model of Normal Tension Glaucoma Open Access

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Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2025, Vol.66, 44. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.6.44

Erratum in: Behind the Scenes at Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science Open Access

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Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2025, Vol.66, 45. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.6.45

Erratum in: Comparison of Physiological Brain Responses Evoked by Visual and Electrical Stimulation Open Access

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Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2025, Vol.66, 46. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.6.46

Erratum in: Dysregulation of Autophagy Occurs During Congenital Cataract Development in βA3ΔG91 Mice Open Access

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Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2025, Vol.66, 75. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.6.75

Special Issue

Myopia Correction, Myopia Control and Myopia Management: Definitions and Recommended Usage Open Access

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Ian Flitcroft; Mark A. Bullimore; Kate L. Gifford; Jost B. Jonas; Deborah Jones; Lyndon W. Jones; Pauline Kang; Serge Resnikoff; Jeffrey Walline; Christine F. Wildsoet; On behalf of the International Myopia Institute (IMI)

Tags: myopia

Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science June 2025, Vol.66, 41. doi:https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.66.6.41

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